扉页,内容,知识点,主谓一致,知识点 主谓一致,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,一、主谓一致的种类,1.,语法形式上的一致,主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：,The number of the students present is 200.,Jane and Mary look alike.,2.,意义上一致,1,）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：,The crowd were shouting.,单数形式代表复数内容的词有：,people,cattle,等。,主谓一致【知识点解析】一、主谓一致的种类,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,2,）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：,The news was so surprising.,形式为复数，而意义上却是单数的单词有,news,和一些以,ics,结尾的学科名称，如,physics,politics,economics,等。,3.,就近原则,即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词,or,eitheror,neithernot,not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：,Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.,主谓一致【知识点解析】2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,二、主谓一致的应用,1.,名词作主语,1,）某些集体名词，如,family,team,等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：,His family is a happy one.,The whole family are watching TV.,这类名词有：,audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,team,等。,主谓一致【知识点解析】二、主谓一致的应用,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,2,）某些集体名词，如,people,police,cattle,等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：,The police are searching for the thief.,3,）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：,A sheep is over there.,Some sheep are over there.,4,）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：,Three years has passed since then.,主谓一致【知识点解析】2）某些集体名词，如people,p,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,5,）不定代词,each,every,no,所修饰的名词即使以,and,或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：,Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.,6,）如果主语有,more than one(,很多，非常,),或,many a(,许多,),出现时，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：,More than one student has read the book.,Many a girl has been there.,但是，“,more+,复数名词,+than one”,结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：,More members than one are against your plan.,主谓一致【知识点解析】5）不定代词each,every,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,7,）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：,glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors,等。但如果主语用“,a kind of,a pair of,a series of”,等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：,A pair of shoes was on the desk.,主谓一致【知识点解析】7）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,8,）,this kind of book=a book of this kind,（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语,this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(,口语,),（这一类人），但,this kind of men,的谓语动词用单数，,men of this kind,和,these kind of men,的谓语动词用复数，,all kinds of,后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：,This kind of men is dangerous.,Men of this kind are dangerous.,主谓一致【知识点解析】8）this kind of book,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,9,）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：,means,（方法），,works,（工厂），,species,（种类），,Chinese,（中国人），,Japanese,（日本人）等。如：,The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(,这家玻璃厂建于,1980,年。,),The,（,These,）,glass works are near the railway station.,（这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）,当它们前面有,a,such a,this,that,修饰时，谓语用单数；有,all,such,these,those,修饰时，谓语用复数，但,means,no means,主谓一致【知识点解析】9）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,10,）如果名词词组中心词是,all,most,half,rest,等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如：,All of my classmates like music.,All of the water is gone.,11),在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：,Between the two windows hangs a picture.,主谓一致【知识点解析】10）如果名词词组中心词是all,m,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,2.,由连接词连接的名词作主语,1,）用,and,或,bothand,连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：,Plastics and rubber never rot.,Walking and riding are good exercises.,2,）当主语后面跟有,as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to,等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数形式由引导词前面的主语决定。如：,The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.,主谓一致【知识点解析】2.由连接词连接的名词作主语,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,3,）以,or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：,Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.,Either you or he is to go.,主谓一致【知识点解析】3）以or,eitheror,n,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,3.,代词作主语,1,）关系代词,who,that,which,等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式由先行词决定。如：,Those who want to go please put up your hands.,Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.,2,）疑问代词,who,what,which,作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：,Who lives next door?It is Xiao Liu.,Who live next door?It is Zhang and Liu.,What produce(s)heat?,主谓一致【知识点解析】3.代词作主语,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,3,）,any,either,neither,none,单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。,但后接,of,时，若,of,的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若,of,的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如：,Do(es)any of you know his address?,None of them has(have)seen the film.,主谓一致【知识点解析】3）any,either,neit,主谓一致,【,变式训练,】,4.,分数、量词作主语,1,）“分数或百分数,+,名词”构成的短语以及由“,a lot of,lots of plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+,名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中,of,后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：,Lots of damage was caused by fire.,About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.,主谓一致【变式训练】4.分数、量词作主语,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,和这种情况类似的还有“,a number of+,名词复数”谓语用复数译为大量，许多，,the number of,中心词是,number,谓语用单数，译为,的数量,A number of students have gone home.,The number of pages in this book is two hundred.,注意：,(large)quantities of+,不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，例如：,Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.,短语,in quantity,in large quantities,意为“大量”；,in small quantities,意为“少量”。,主谓一致【知识点解析】和这种情况类似的还有“a number,主谓一致,【,知识点解析,】,2,）,a great deal of,a large amount of,修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；,large amounts of,修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，例如：,A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done