,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Unit 7,Handshaking or KissingThis Is a Question,?商务英语翻译?英译汉,【Translation】,Kiss or shake hands with a client or colleague?That is the big dilemma which faces workers around the country every day.,Workers in Britain are“safer to greet colleagues of the opposite sex with a handshake than a kiss,a common greeting in other parts of Europe,a study released Friday said.,A survey of 1200 workers by recruitment firm Office Angels said some became so anxious while deciding whether to kiss or shake hands that one in eight forgot the name of the person they were greeting.,One fifth had an embarrassing clash of faces as they tried to kiss,and one in 10 became so flustered they resorted to waving instead.,A similar number had actually allowed a colleague to sit through a meeting with lipstick on their cheek.,And an over-enthusiastic few said they had ended up accidentally groping a colleague or client after opting for a kiss while the other one tried to shake hands.,Londoners were most likely to be concerned about the issue,compared with workers in Northern Ireland,where most always went for a handshake,according to the research by the recruitment firm.,“My advice would always be,if in any doubt,go for a handshake.A handshake is always considered professional and courteous,and being on the safe side of formal is never a bad thing in a work place situation.David Clubb,the managing director of Office Angels said.,【Version for Reference】,握手还是吻面：这是个问题,问候客户或同事时，是吻面还是握手？这是英国上班族每天都要面临的一大难题。,上周五公布的一项调查显示，问候异性同事时握手比吻面“更平安。吻面在欧洲其他地区是一种很常见的问候方式。,“办公室天使招聘公司对1，200名公司职员开展的调查显示，有些人遇到这一两难问题时慌张失措，竟有八分之一的人忘了对方的名字。,五分之一的受访者曾在行吻面礼时与对方为难“撞面；十分之一的受访者由于慌乱失措，最后还是以握手了事。,另有十分之一的受访者曾让同事面带着红唇印一直在会场坐到会议结束。,还有一些“过于热情的受访者称，他们在问候同事或客户时曾遇到自己准备行吻面礼，而对方那么打算握手的情况，在这种情形下，他们那么不小心摸了对方。,此外，调查显示，与北爱尔兰人相比，伦敦人更在意吻面还是握手这个问题。在北爱尔兰，上班族们最常用的是握手礼。,“办公室天使公司的总经理大卫克拉伯说：“我一直主张在有任何疑问时选择握手。握手历来被认为是一种职业、礼貌的问候方式，而在工作场合，选择平安的礼节总没错。,【Tips for Translation】,被动语态的翻译,英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛，尤其是在科技英语中，被动语态几乎随处可见，但凡在不必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态，因此，掌握被动语态的翻译方法是翻译的根本功。汉语也有被动语态，通常通过“把或“被等词表达出来，但它的使用范围远远小于英语中被动语态的使用范围，因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。,例如,1.The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.,【参考译文】大火把这家著名的旅馆几乎全部烧毁。,2.Most letters from his wife,are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.,【参考译文】他妻子给他的信件，大多是由医院的护士念给他听的。,3.Rivers are controlled by dams.,【参考译文】拦河坝把河流控制住了。,4.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.,【参考译文】应该尽量告诉年轻人吸烟的危害，特别是吸烟上瘾后的可怕后果。,5.Methods are found to take these materials out of the rubbish and use them again.,【参考译文】现在已经找到了从垃圾中提取和利用这些材料的方法。,【结构分析】前三个例子：译成“把“使和“由字句，后两个：译成无主语句。,6.This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequences in the future.,【,结构分析,】,本句应先译,by supporting.,这个方式状语，再译主句,This seems mostly effectively done.,【,参考译文,】,给某些与当前目标无关但在将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这个问题。,7.New sources of energy must be found,and this will take time,but it is not likely to result in any situation that will restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past.,【,结构分析,】,被动结构,new sources of energy must be found,应译为主动。,【,参考译文,】,我们必须要找到新能源，但这需要时间；而过去我们感觉到的那种能源价廉而充足的情况，将不大可能再出现了。,8.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time,and in any case,the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.,【结构分析】本句中的被动结构可以根据汉语的习惯直接译为被动句。,【参考译文】石油供给可能随时被切断；不管怎样，以目前这种消费速度，过30年左右，所有的油井都会枯竭。,9.Over the years,tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.,【结构分析】本句中的被动语态也可以直接译成汉语的被动语态。,【参考译文】工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们无视了。,10.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.,【结构分析】这个句子有三个被动结构：.is imagined.，.be compared.,.be required.。第一个被动结构的后面有动作的发出者，这种被动有时只要把动作发出者提到前面就可以变成主动：it is imagined by many that=many imagine that,上海道正学校认为译起来也比较容易；“许多人认为，这属于被动改主动的第一种情况。第二种情况是汉语不需要作任何改动就能将被动译成主动，句中第二个被动结构就属于这种情况，be compared with 可以直接译为：“与相比较，因为“与被比较在汉语里显然是错误的。第三种情况那么需要对整个句子作很大的调整才能正确处理好：句中第三个被动结构后面虽然有介词by引导动作发出者，但简单地交换主语和宾语的位置显然行不通。上海道正学校教学与研究说明，这种情况通常是由于词的使用造成的，如代词they到底指什么以及动词required在句中究竟是什么意思。解决这些问题需要进一步了解英汉两种语言在用词上的差异。,【参考译文】许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程相比，他们还以为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。,【,Exercises,】,把下面的英语信件译成中文：,TO THE COMPLAINT DEPARTMENT,Dear Sir or Madam,，,I am writing in regard to your notice about the delay in shipment of my order for 14 dozen Olympic quality,ultra accurate,gold tip arrows.Perhaps you do not understand the urgency of the situation.I realize that you have no control over the suppliers of your stock;howeve