单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,外科学绪论,Introduction of Surgery,一、现代外科学的开展 Development of Modern Surgery,解剖学,Anatomy,John Hunter,(1728-1793),Scottish,surgeon,，,the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher.,黄帝内经-血循环,麻醉,Anesthesia,Willam t.G.Morton,(1819-1868),Boston dentist whose successful,demonstration of ether anesthesia,on October 16,1846,at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark,in the history of surgery,扁鹊 酒,3.,抗菌术,Antisepsis,上世纪四十年代该校著名的产科医生Semmelweis博士(1818-1865),因为发现了puerperal fever产褥热的病因而被尊称为“母亲的救星,所以为了纪念这一重大研究成果,学校在1969年改名为Semmelweis。,德国医生Bergmann 蒸汽灭菌,1929 英国Fleming 青霉素,输血,Blood transfusion,Karl Landsteiner,(1868-1943),奥地利病理学家、美国免疫学家，1930年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖得主,，,the human blood groups,A,B,and O.,奥地利1968年6月14日发行?病理学家卡尔.兰德斯泰纳誔辰100周年?邮票，一套1枚,Richard Lewisohn,(1875-1961),德国,枸橼酸钠，血液抗凝,Theodor Kocher,(1841-1917),professor of surgery at the University of Berne and pioneer in the development of surgery of the thyoid.He received the Nobel Prize in 1909.,Theodor Billroth,(1829-1894),professor at the University of Vienna and pioneer abdominal surgeon,Billroth was one of the most influential teachers of his time.,John H.Gibbon,(1903-1973),心脏外科，体外循环,Alexis Carrel,(1873-1944),器官移植，,He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912.,傅培彬,(1912-1989),瑞金医院外科创始人,1954 二尖瓣别离 Commissurotomy of mitral stenosis,1958 大面积灼伤 Severe Burn,1963 断肢再植 Replantation of cut limb,1977 肝移植 The 1st case of Liver transplantation,1978 心脏移植 The 1st case of Heart transplantation,1990s-灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科,Burn surg,Digestive S.,P.Biliary,口腔外科、整形外科、小儿心脏外科,Stomatological S.Plastic S.Pediatric Cardio S.,外科的开展,外科学范畴,外科疾病分类,1)损伤 Trauma,mechanical thermal,chemical electrical,2)感染,3)肿瘤 良性，恶性,4)畸形 Congenital,Acquired,5)内分泌功能失调,：甲状腺,6,)其它,梗阻,：血管，肠，结石,寄生虫病,静脉曲张,分类：,工作对象和性质,实验外科 Eexperimental Surgery,临床外科 Clinical Surgery,2),人体解剖系统,骨科,Arthrosteopedic surgery,颌面外科,Dentofacial surgery,心胸外科,Cardiothoracic surgery,泌尿外科,Urologic surgery,神经外科,Neurosurgery,普通外科,General surgery,(,腹部外科,)Abdominal surgery,3),疾病,性质,肿瘤外科Neoplastic surgery,急症外科Emergency surgery,创伤外科Trauma surgery,烧伤外科Burn surgery,4)手术方式,整复外科Plastic surgery,显微外科Microsurgery,移植外科Transplantation,微创外科Minimally invasive surgery,5),年龄,小儿外科,Pediatric Surgery,成人外科,Adult Surgery,6),专业,妇科,Gynecology,耳鼻喉科,Otolaryngology,眼科,Ophthalmology,3.,外科总论与各论,General Surgery&Special Surgery,外科学总论 General Surgery,各临床外科共同的专业根底,根底医学与临床外科学的桥梁,外科学各论Special Surgery,论述各系统、各脏器,外科疾病的病因、病理、诊断与治疗,外科分子生物学,Surgical molecular biology,外科免疫学,Surgical immunology,无菌术,Aseptic technique,外科水、电解质和酸碱平衡,Fluid and electrolyte management,and acid-base balance,输血,Blood transfusion,外科休克,Surgical shock,外科营养,Surgical nutrition,多器官功能障碍综合征,Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS,麻醉,Anesthesia,外科重症监测治疗,Surgical intensive care,心肺脑复苏,Brain-cardiopulmonary Resuscitation,疼痛治疗,Pain management&Analgesia,围手术期处理,Paraoperative management,门诊外科,Outpatient surgery,外科感染,Surgical infection,肿瘤,Neoplasma,创伤,Trauma,烧伤与冷伤,Burns&Cold injury,显微外科,Microsurgery,器官移植,Organ transplantation,组织工程,Tissue engineering,腔镜外科,Laparoscopic&thorascopic surgery,内镜外科,Endoscopic surgery,外科介入治疗,Surgical intervention treatment,如何学习外科,外科医师的职业道德 Moral Character,理论联系实践Theory and Practice,外科根底Basic theory,Basic knowledge,Basic technique,Spunk of tiger,胆大,形象化的要求,Some figure of speech about the basic demands,Eyes of eagle 眼明,Hands of women 手巧,Heart of mother 心细,学 问,-Learn to find questions,-Learn to ask questions,-Learn to solve questions,Books are you best teachers,Library is your best school,结束语,Now,you may have a good start,-why to learn,-how to learn,Well begun,half done.,