单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,-,*,Barriers to Cross-cultural Communication,Stereotypes,Prejudice,Ethnocentrism,11/15/2024,-,Barriers to Cross-cultural Com,1,Students will learn that,1.Stereotypes,keep us from being successful as communicators because they are oversimplified,over-generalized,and exaggerated.,2.Stereotypes can have a negative effect when people use them to interpret behavior.They are one of the most difficult stumbling block to overcome in cross-cultural communication.,3.Parents,teachers,limited personal contact and the media(movies,TV programs,advertising,newspapers,books and magazines,and even school textbooks)help to make stereotypes.,4.Stereotypes are harmful in cross-cultural communication,but we have some ways to reduce or eliminate them.,11/15/2024,-,Students will learn that 1.S,2,Discussion Questions:,1.What is stereotyping?,2.Think about a situation when someone made a biased judgment about you or acted unfairly toward you because of your age,skin color,clothes you were wearing,gender,the way you speak,where you live,how much money your family has,or some other reason.,3.How do we acquire stereotypes?,4.How to reduce or eliminate stereotypes in cross-cultural communication?,5.Of stereotyping,prejudice,ethnocentrism,which one can be the most serious cultural bias and the biggest obstacle in cross-cultural communication?Why?,11/15/2024,-,Discussion Questions:1.W,3,Complete the following sentences,then check the answers to see if there is any prejudice and bigotry in them:,a)All the students in PE Dept.are,b)All politicians are,c)All female doctor holders are,d)All Harvard graduates are,e)All rich men,f)All university/college teachers are,g)Her boyfriend is from the north,so he must be,h)His grandfather is a history professor,so he must be,i)He drives BMW,so he must be,Examples of stereotypes,11/15/2024,-,Complete the following sentenc,4,What is stereotyping?,People often use labels or,categories,to describe others,these labels can be based on such characteristics as clothing,looks,the way a person talks,or the groups to which he or she belongs.People often make assumptions about groups of people they dont even know.,Stereotype are general ideas of a person,created without taking the whole person into account.When we stereotype a group of people,we depict all of the individuals within that group as having the same characteristics even though they are probably all very different.,11/15/2024,-,What is stereotyping?People of,5,Stereotyping,is assuming that a person has certain qualities(good or bad)just because the person is a member of a specific group(Jandt,2001).An example of a stereotype is the belief that one group of people is lazy or poor,or that another is smart or romantic.A stereotype is an oversimplified statement based on a single characteristic.They are often based on faulty information,they get in the way of knowing people as individuals,and they can lead to serious misunderstandings.,Stereotyping is gross simplification that prevents a more profound understanding of others as individuals and as members of social groups,and it prevents our dealing effectively with members of other societies.Stereotypes can have a negative effect when people use them to interpret behavior.They are probably the most difficult stumbling block to overcome in cross-cultural communication.,11/15/2024,-,10/9/2023-,6,Areas of stereotyping:,Age:,All teenagers love rock and roll and have no respect for their elders.,Sex:,All good-looking girls are simple-minded.,Sexual preference:,Only men can be pilots.,Race:,All women in Islamic countries were clothing that will cover up their arms and legs and hide their body shape./All Indians wear nose-rings.,Religion,:All Catholics love the Pope more than their country.,Profession:,All salesmen are deceitful./All air stewardesses are tall and beautiful.,Nationality:,All Germans like to drink beer./Germans have rules,regulations and laws for everything.,Education level:,All those with little schooling do not know how to use computers.,Places:,New York is a hotbed of all crimes.,Small towns are safe and clean.,In England,it rains all the time.,Things:,All luxurious cars are made in Germany.,Houses in America are just gorgeous,with a large lawn,big garage,a swimming pool,and at least two bathrooms.,Sichuan food is very spicy.,11/15/2024,-,Areas of stereotyping:Age:Al,7,The damaging effect of stereotypes in cross-cultural communication:,According to Fred,stereotypes are harmful because they impede communication in at least four ways:,They cause us to assume that a widely held belief is true when it may not be.,Stereotypes also impede communication when they cause us to assume that a widely held belief is true of any one individual.,The stereotype can become a“self-fulfilling prophecy”for the person stereotyped.,When stereotypes lead us to interpret an individuals behaviour from the perceptual screen of the stereotype they impede communication.,Fred E.Ja