,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词不定式,概说,动词不定式,(to do),是初中英语课的,一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。,动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，,掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定,式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆,动词不定式的主要用法,一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语，,没有人称和数的变化。,二、动词不定式是由,“,to+,动词原形,”,构成,(,有时,可以不带,to),。动词不定式的否定形式是,“,not+,动词不,定式,”,(,此时,not,不能再与助动词连用,),。,三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等,的功能，可在句中用做多种句子成分。,主语 宾语 表语 定语,状语,宾补,配套练习,主语：常置于句末，而用,it,代替其做形式主语。,例：,To go in for sports,helps you stay fit.,It helps you stay fit,to go in for sports.,It is dangerous,to swim in the deep sea,on your own.,注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由,for,或,of,引出，,逻辑主语由,of,引出时，表语的形容词为,kind,，,nice,，,good,，,polite,，,clever,，,foolish,，,right,，,wrong,等,表示性格品质评价的形容词。,例：,It,s right of him,to refuse the invitation,.,(him,为逻辑主语,),点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，除了,直接作主语,外，,常放在：,It is,adj,（形容词）,to do,sth,或,It is,n,（名词）,to do,sth,句型中，,it,仅作形式主语。,返回,动 词 宾 语,此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。,例：,would you like to see my photos?,Kevin planned to visit his uncle,类似用法的词还有：,start,，,want,，,agree,，,hope,，,begin,，,decide,agree,，,love,，,like,，,hate,，,prefer,等。,I found it very difficult to get a,job.(it,为形式宾语,),点击规律：,这些动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思,区别不大,提示板：,like doing,指经常性动作，而,like to do,指一次性的动作。,I like swimming,，,but I don,t like to swim now,我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。,stop,，,forget,，,remember,，,go on,，,try,等词或短语后面可以,接不定式。,点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。,提示板：,1,）,stop to do,sth,：停止一件事，去做另一件事。,stop doing,sth,：停止正在做的事。,例句：,When the teacher came in,，,the students stopped,talking,；当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；,when he came out,，,the students stopped to talk,当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。,2,）思考：,forget,，,remember,，,go on,，,try,等词或短语后面接,不定式和动名词用法有何区别？,点击规律：在,find,feel,it,adj,to do,sth,句型中，,it,是,形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：,The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep,I feel it easy to recite the text,点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，,又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造,句子加以区分，如上页的,stop,例句。,返回,表 语,放在连系动词,be,后面,例句：,His wish is to become a scientist,Our duty is to protect the,enviroment,.,The first important thing is to save the,soldiers,lives,当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。,点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系,动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。,返回,定 语,动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词,、代词的后面。,例：,He is the first person to sail around the world.,I have a lot of work to do,The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy,点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、,代词之后。,提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，,且动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：,I have a small bedroom to live,in,Have you got some pens to write,with,？,返回,作 状 语,a,目的状语：放在,go,，,come,，,use,，,live,，,in order,等词后面,.,如：,I come to see you,He runs fast in order to get there in time,They brought in photos of their families for me to,look at,b,原因状语：放在,sorry,，,glad,，,surprised,，,disappointed,，,excited,等词后面。（,有些资料上把这类称为不定式在,表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明，,作形容词补足语,）如：,I am glad to see you here,I am sorry to trouble you,c,作结果状语。如：,Some of the apples are hard to reach,The room is large enough to hold 1000 people,返回,宾语补足语,(,1),在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带,to,：,tell,，,ask,，,want,，,order,，,teach,，,invite,，,warn,，,wish,，,help,，,get,，,wish,，等词后面常接不定式作宾补。,例：,I,asked,a,friend,to,read,it,to,me,I tell him not to go there by bus,Edison,s mother taught him to read and write,(2),在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词,(see,，,watch,，,hear,，,feel,，,make,，,let,，,have,，,observe,，,notice,，,help,等,),后,不带,to,的不定式作宾补。如：,The boss makes them work 16 hours a day,I heard her sing in the next room,提示板：若变成,被动语态,，在上述结构中，,不定式符号,to,要加上,。,如：,They are made,to,work 16 hours a day by the boss,She was heard,to,sing in the next room,返回,“,疑问词不定式,”,用法,不定式前可带,what,，,who,，,which,，,where,，,when,，,how,whose,，等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、,主语等。,例：,He didn,t tell me where to go.(,直宾,),I don,t know what to say now.(,宾语,),I dont know what to do next,（宾语）,He taught us how to use the computer,（宾语补足语）,Its still a question how to get there,（主语）,在初中阶段还涉及到,“,不定式被动语态一般式,(to be+,过去分词,),”,例：,There are twenty more trees to be planted.,返回,根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。,1,Its time for us _,（,have,）,supper,2,Would you like_,（,go,）,shopping with me,？,3,It took us half an hour_,（,work,）,out the problem,4,He is old enough_,（,join,）,the army,5,I feel strange_,（,have,）,a twin sister,6,I am very glad_,（,meet,）,you here,7,They prefer_,（,stay,）,at home rather than go out,8,We saw them_,（,come,）,into the room just now,9,What he said made me_,（,feel,）,sorry,10,I am sorry,I forgot_,（,tell,）,you the news,11,His plan is_,（,spend,）,a few days in the mountains,12,Have you got anything_,（,say,）？,13,Have you decided which one_,（,choose,）？,14,Do you know when_,（,start,）？,15,He is too weak_,（,carry,）,the big stone,to go,主语,to go,宾语,to work,主语,to join,结果状语,to have,形容词补足语,(,原,),to meet,形容词补足语,(,原,),to stay,宾语,to come,宾补,to feel,宾补,to tell,宾语,to spend,表语,to say,定语,to choose,定语,to start,不定式短语作宾语,to carry,结果状语,