,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,The Sad Young Men,Rod W.Horton and Herbert W.Edwards,The Sad Young Men Rod W.Ho,About the Author:,Horton and Edwards are joint authors of the book,Background of American Literary Thought,(1967),from which this piece is taken.,Rod W.Horton,(1910-?),Born in White Plains N.Y.,Instructor,New York University,(1937-45),Assistant professor(1945-49),Associate professor(1949-57),Cultural affairs officer(1957-64),Professor,Colorado University(1964-),Visiting professor,University of Brazil,Coimbra(1961-64).,About the Author:Horton and E,The Background,In 1914,World War I broke out in Europe.,In 1917,the United States entered the war against Germany,which was defeated in 1918.,After the war,the United Statess economy boomed,but prosperity did not last.A stock market crash in 1929 led to the Great Depression,a deep economic slump in the 1930s,The BackgroundIn 1914,World,American Culture in the 1920s,The decade of the 1920s is often characterized as a period of American prosperity and optimism.It was the,Roaring Twenties,the decade of bath tub,gin,（杜松子酒）,the model T,the$5 work day,the first transatlantic flight,and the movie.It is often seen as a period of great advance as the nation became urban and commercial.,American Culture in the 1920s,The decade is also seen as a period of rising intolerance,（偏执）,and isolation:chastened,（抑制）,by the first world war,historians often point out that Americans retreated into a provincialism,（偏狭观念）,evidenced by the rise of the Ku Klux Klan(is a secret organization of white Protestant men in the U S,which promotes violence against black people,Jews,and other minorities),the anti radical hysteria of the Palmer raids,restrictive immigration laws,and prohibition,(禁酒）,.,The decade is also seen a,Overall,the decade is often seen as a period of great contradiction:,of rising optimism and deadening cynicism,（愤世嫉俗）,of increasing and decreasing faith,of great hope and great despair.Put differently,historians usually see the 1920s as a decade of serious cultural conflict.,Overall,the decade is often s,Some terms,The Sad Young Men,The Lost Generation,The Beat Generation,The Angry Young Men,Some termsThe Sad Young Men,The Sad Young Men,and,The Lost Generation,Both,refer to,the same group of people.The first name was created by F.Scott Fitzgerald in his book,All the Sad Young Men.,And the second by Gertrude Stein,The remark of Gertrude Stein you are all a lost generation,addressed to Hemingway,was used as a preface to the latters novel,The Sun Also Rises,which brilliantly describes an expatriate group typical of the lost generation.,The Sad Young Men and The Lost,They wre applied to the disillusioned（,幻想破灭的）,intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following the First World War,who rebelled against former ideals and values,but could replace them only by despair or cynical hedonism,(,享乐主义,),Significant members including,Ernest Hemingway,F.Scott Fitzgerald,Ezra Pound,Sherwood Anderson,Waldo Peirce,John Dos Passos,and T.S.Eliot.,They wre applied to the d,The Beat Generation,After World War II appeared the Beat Generation in the United States.This term was applied to certain American artists and writers who were popular during the 1950s.Essentially anarchic,（无政府的）,members of the beat generation rejected traditional social and artistic forms.They sought immediate expression in multiple intense experiences and beatific（,极乐的,）illumination like that of some Eastern religions.,The Beat Generation A,In literature they adopted rhythms of simple American speech and of so-called progressive jazz.Among those associated with the movement were the novelists Jack Kerouac and Chandler Brossard,numerous poets(e.g.Kenneth Rexroth,Allen Ginsberg,Lawrence Ferlinghetti,and Gregory Corso),and others,many of whom had worked in and around San Francisco.During the 1960s beat ideas and attitudes were absorbed by other cultural movements,and those who practiced the beat life style were called,hippies,.,In literature they,Long hair,Colorful clothes,Music,Drug,Sex,Hippie,Long hairHippie,The Angry Young Men,At this time there appeared in England a group called the angry young men.This term was applied to a group of English writers of the 1950s whose heroes shared certain rebellious and critical attitudes towards society.This phrase,which was originally taken from the title of Leslie Allen Pauls autobiography,Angry Young Man,(1951),became current with the production of John Osbornes play,Look Back in Anger,(1956).,The Angry Young Men At,The group not only expressed discontent with the staid,（不动的）,hypocritical institutions of English society-the so-called Establishment-but betrayed disillusionment with itself and with its own achievements,included among the angry young men were the playwrights,John Osborne,and,Arnold Weske,r and the novelists,Kingsley Amis,John Braine,John Wain,and,Alan Sillitoe,.In the 1960s these writers turned to more indivi