,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,II OBJECTIVES:,A),Review Emersonian Transcendentalism and,American Puritanism,B),The theme of,Self-Reliance,C),The main idea of,Self-Reliance,D),Study and discussion of key points,I TOPIC:Self-Reliance,II OBJECTIVES:I TOPIC:Sel,Topic 1Review Emersonian Transcendentalism and American Puritanism,1.Key words:over-soul,individual man and nature.,2.,Key words:theological foundation,style of life.,Topic 1Review Emersonian Tra,Topic 2The theme of,Self-Reliance,Key words:,Fierce individualism;Dignity,Topic 2The the,Topic 2The theme of,Self-Reliance,The theme:,This essay focuses on his discussion on the individuals relation with his cultureculture in the broadest definition,thus exploring the implications of the fierce individualism at the heart of his Transcendental faith,：,the dignity,the ultimate sanctity of each human being.,Topic 2The theme of Self-Reli,Topic 3The main idea,Key words:,Confidence,The Independence,The Personality,No Sympathy,Topic 3The main idea Key w,Topic 4Study and discussion of key points,On Confidence:,The soul is no traveller;the wise man stays at home.,（,P969 The Norton Anthology,）,Key words:,a sense of self-culture;,the missionary of wisdom and virtue.,Topic 4Study and discussion,According to Emerson,a man is in want of a sense of self-culture.In manly hours,he should feel that duty is his place.On any occasion he is at home still,and shall make men sensible by the expression of his countenance,that he goes the missionary of wisdom and virtue.,According to Emerson,a,Time and space are but physiological colors which the eye makes,but the soul is light;where it is,is day;where it was,is night.,（,P964 The Norton Anthology,）,Key words:,a simple mind is simple;,a divine wisdom;,the worship of the past.,美国文学之论自助Unit-3-Self-Reliance课件,In Emersons opinion,whenever a mind is simple,and receives a divine wisdom,old things pass away.And the simple mind lives now,and absorbs past and future into the present hour.It shows that Emerson rejected the worship of the past.,In Emersons opinion,w,A man should learn to detect and watch the gleam of light which flashes across his mind from within,more than the lustre of the firmament of bards and sages.,（,P956 The Norton Anthology,）,Key words:your private heart;,all forms of imitation;,authorities;,the spirit of self-trust,For Emerson,to,believe your own thought,to believe that what is true for your private heart is true for all men.Speak your latent conviction,and it should be the universal sense.Yet a man dismisses without notice his thought,because it is his.In every work of genius we recognize our own rejected thoughts.,Emerson criticized all forms of imitation,rejected any authorities and opposed all self-abased people,.He thought that the confidence was a very important virtue.The philosophical idea had its special power and enlightened many people and catered to the spirit of optimism in America at that time.,For Emerson,to believe,On Independence:,The great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.,（,P21,）,What I must do is all that concerns me,not what the people think.,(P21),To be great is to be misunderstood.,（,P22,）,Key words:,not to be influenced by the others,On Independence:The great,Emerson thought that,the people shouldnt,be influenced by the others,.,Each one is the first who knows himself much.It is known that the only right is to conform to the mans own will,namely,the only wrong thing is what is against his own will.Emerson supported that the people insist on carrying themselves in the face of all opposition.The true self-independence is void of others encouragement;prize is just as an auxiliary function for achievements.The true self-independent man is one who still stands firmly when all people fall over,and who himself plays the major role in his world.,Emerson pointed out that,it was easy to live after the worlds opinion,.,Most people prefer to this in daily lives.But a great man always separates himself from the crowds.,Emerson thought that th,The other terror that scares us from self-trust is our consistency;a reverence for our past act or word,because the eyes of others have no other data for computing our orbit than our past acts,and we are loath to disappoint them.,（,P22,）,Key words:,environment;innovation,The other terror that scare,Many people,are easily,influenced by environment,.,Emerson sharply opposed this idea and thought the man should cultivate the personality of self-independence.Indeed,a large number of persons always cope with their lives in the same way,because they are afraid of being defeated by,new methods,.,However,they lack,innovation,which makes them lack independence.Because of their consistency,it is very difficult for them to make progress or stride in life.Independence is established on the basis of continuous new progress.Therefore,the spirit of innovation,can stren