单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Teenagers Nightmare,Unit 10,Teenagers Nightmare,Warming-up,Reading,Language,in,Use,Project,Culture Tips,Homework,Introduction of Functions,Read the following instructions, and explain which one is direct (an explicit command), which one is a “soft” command, and which one is even “softer”.,Tom, close the door!,Jane, can you close the door?,Could you please close the door, Jack?,If you were the person spoken to, which instruction do you feel most acceptable?,Warming-up,In English, as in other languages, the types of vocabulary, structure, and tone used in conversation vary with the situation.,Do you,object to coming,here tomorrow morning?,Do you,mind coming,here tomorrow morning?,You,are to come,here tomorrow morning.,You,are supposed to come,here tomorrow morning.,Come,here tomorrow morning!,You,should/ ought to come,here tomorrow morning.,You,must come,here tomorrow morning.,How do the following statements differ in the degree of formality?,Increasingly formal,Would I be troubling you too much if I asked you to ?,I was wondering if you could possibly ?,Would there be any possibility of ?,Would you be so kind as to ?,Please be quiet, will you?,Be kind enough to ,Would you please ?,I want you to ,In small groups, list more,patterns and expressions,that are used to make commands and requests.,Practice in pairs, making similar commands using,tell him the truth,bring your notebook next time ,in as many different ways as possible.,Positive Responses,Yes/Sure/All right.,Certainly/Of course.,By all means.,No problem.,Its a snap.,Id be happy/glad to.,My pleasure.,Not at all/Of course not. No, I dont mind a bit.,(In response to “Would/Do you mind ?”),Negative Responses,Im sorry I cant.,No, Im afraid I cant.,Id like to say yes, but thats just impossible.,Id rather not if you dont mind.,Certainly not!,Sorry, it cant be done/ helped.,No way!,Responding to Demands,Make Your Own Dialogue,You and your partner are talking about your last exam. Make a dialogue using the cues given on page 137.,Talking About School Tests in a Hypothetical Environment,Study the cartoons. Make a story and then tell it to your classmates.,Quotable Quote,Can you think of any Chinese proverbs with the same or similar philosophy?,No pains, no gains.,(,一份耕耘，一份收获；种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆；一报还一报；梅花香自苦寒来。,),In terms of university life, for a student, what can be considered as a pain and what as a gain?,Pains,Gains,1._ 1. _,2._ 2. _,3._ 3. _,4._ 4. _,Reading,Pre-reading Tasks,Reading,Comprehension,After-reading,Tasks,Pre-reading Task,Do you like school examinations, why and why not?,What are the stages of going through an examination?,How do you feel when you take an examination?,Which of the following words best describe your feelings?,apprehensive panic nervous worried excite,frightened amazed terrible joyous scared,apprehensive:,worried or nervous about something that you are going to do, or about the future,e.g. I often feel,apprehensive,when I am preparing for an exam because I dont know if I will pass it or not.,reading,Introduction to the passage,As one of the most important procedure in education, exams are aimed to evaluate how well students have learn their subjects, not to make them suffer. But in reality, students are all afraid of exams. The author analyses why the most terrible time comes at the beginning and at the end.,Comprehension,Teenagers,Nightmare,1,Taking exams must be one of the most frightening experiences that anyone must,go through,. It is not so much the actual taking of the exams themselves which is so awful, although of course they,play a great part in,the general feeling of fear; no, the most awful time comes at the beginning and at the end.,Comprehension,2,The beginning is the time when you are meant to,revise,. Revision is a terrible time both if you,revise,and if you dont. Firstly, if you,revise, concentrating on a pile of A4 pages covered in your untidy handwriting, you suddenly wish not only that you had written everything down a bit more clearly, but also that you had started revision a lot earlier. However,once resigned to the fact,that you cant put the clock back, you prepare to,give yourself up to,full and thorough revision,putting aside,all else in life. Of course, such a hard decision is absolutely impossible to carry out, although you do try to fool yourself that you can,undertake,it easily. You let your attention wander away easily, finding you,have a sudden, irresistible urge to,tidy up your room, even though it has looked like a pigsty for the last three months.,Comprehension,3,When you,are tempted away from,your studying by such strange amusements, you are,moving onto the territory of,the second group concerning revision those who know they need and should,get down to,hard studying, but somehow have neither got the determination nor the willpower to force themselves to sit down for hours,on end digesting the delights of pure mathematics,. Now, this second group in which we have all found ourselves from time to time suffer the most severe,guilt complexes,over their lack of revision. Although they are aware that they should be studying they cannot somehow,bring themselves to the awful task,; temptation has won over what they know they should be doing, and in a way they suffer far more than those who eventually find the willpower and determination to sit down and,revise,.,Comprehension,4,The end of the exam procedure, which is in some cases worse than the revision period, is,awaiting,the results. While waiting you cant do much about your own school work. You feel that it is very hard to resist the temptation to light a fire with all your notebooks and files instead of logs, but at the same time you feel that you had better keep all your notes safe in case you discover you have failed and need to re-take all your subjects. The worst day of all is the one when you know that the postman is to deliver the letter (always in a brown envelope to make it look more official and frightening) which will inform you whether the academic world (and society in general) considers you a failure or a success, whether you can get the job you want, or go to the university you wish to attend. That envelope is to contain the key to your future and, perhaps most importantly of all, to inform you whether you need to suffer again the horrors of exams.,Comprehension,Words & Expressions,1.,Nightmare,n.,恶梦,Ihavenightmaresaboutfallingoffacliff.,Drivingduringtheblizzard,（暴风雪）,wasanightmare.,BACK,Comprehension,2.,go through,tosuffertoexperience,e.g.Thesecountrieshavegonethroughtoomanywars.,togothroughtwostages,go through thick and thin,BACK,Comprehension,3.,play a great part in,Playapartin-,与,.,有关,对,.,有影响,;(,在,.,中,),起作用,e.g.Thequestionofcostwillplayanimportantpartinourdecision.,BACK,Comprehension,4.,revise,1) Toreview,tostudylessonsagainusu.beforeanexam.,2) Toreconsiderandchangeormodify:,BACK,Comprehension,5.,once resigned to the fact,Beresignedtosth / doingsth-bereadytoendureor toleratesth,准,备忍受或容忍某事；甘心情愿,.,e.g.sheseemedresignedtonothavingholidaythisyear.,Shes,resigned,to,spending Christmas on her own.,Sam was,resigned,to,the fact that,he would never be promoted.,BACK,a resigned look, voice etc shows that you are making yourself accept something that you do not like,:,“,Well have to leave,” she said with,a,resigned,sigh,.,Comprehension,6.,give yourself up to,Giveoneselfuptosth.,：,Todevote(oneself)completely:,e.g.Mymotherisateacher.Shegivesherselfuptoteaching.,BACK,Comprehension,7.,putting aside,撇开；置之不理；把,放在一边,e.g.Themanagerhadtoputhisworkasideforatimeforanurgent,accident.,BACK,S1,Comprehension,8.,undertake,totakeuporaccept Undertakeatask/responsibilityfor,9. have a sudden, irresistible urge to,Haveanurgetodo: haveastrongdesire or animpulse to do,Ihadanurgetotellhimthetruth.ButIheldback.,He could no longer,resist,the,urge,to go and see Amanda.,Suddenly she had,an,overwhelming,urge,to be with her son.,BACK,S2,Comprehension,10.,are tempted away from,Tempt,sb,awayfrom:toattract,sb,.todosomethingmorepleasant butunwise,e.g.arivalcompanyhastriedtotempthimawayfromhispresentjobwithmoremoney.,BACK,Comprehension,11.,move onto the territory of,moveintothesituationof,12. get down to,giveseriousattentionto,认真对待,认真考虑,get down to sth.,Its time we got down,to work,.,We need to get down,to some serious talking,.,get down to doing something,I always find it hard to get down,to revising,.,e.g.Ireallymustgetdowntopreparingformyfinals.,BACK,Comprehension,13. on end,withoutstopping;continuouslyAftertheexam,heplayedcomputergamesforhoursonend.,14. digesting the delights of pure mathematics,Thenarratorisbeingironicinsayingthis.Theabstractmathematicsisprobablyenjoyableonlyformathematicsgeniusesratherthan ordinaryteenagers.,BACK,S1,Comprehension,15.,guilt complexes:,guiltcomplexes:Acomplexisapsychologicaloremotionalproblem. Thepersonwhosuffersacomplexisusuallyseverelyobsessedwithaparticularconcern.Inthetext,thewritermeansthatthosewhofailto workhardforexaminationswouldkeepfeelingguiltyabouttheirlack ofwillpower.Thephraseistheauthorscoinageoutofthephrase OedipusComplex.,OedipusComplex,恋母情结,ElectraComplex,恋父情结,BACK,S1,Comprehension,16.,bring themselves to the awful task,bringthemselvestotask:persuadethemselvestoworkonthe task,17. awaiting,await:amoreformalphraseforwaitfor,BACK,BACK,devote whole energy to,1. However, once,resigned to,the fact that you cant put the clock back, you prepare to,give yourself up to,full and,thorough revision,putting aside,all else in life.,pay no attention to,然而,一旦接受时光不能倒流的事实,你就得认命地全身心投入到复习中去，把生活中的其他一切都抛到一边。,accept sth. unpleasant without complaint,Difficult Sentences,make neat,2. You let your attention,wander away,easily, finding you have a sudden, irresistible,urge,to,tidy up,your room, even though it has looked like a pigsty for the last three months.,You let your attention move away from revision easily, and suddenly feel a strong need which is hard to resist to make your room neat, even if it has looked like a pigsty for the last three month.,你很容易走神，会猛然间感到有一种不可抵挡的欲望要去整理房间，尽管三个月来这房间就一直乱得像个猪圈。,strong wish /need,move away,3. those who know they need and should,get,down to,hard studying, but somehow have neither got the determination nor the willpower to force themselves to sit down for hours,on end,digesting the delights of pure mathematics.,those who know they need and should begin to work hard on their study, but somehow they lack determination and willpower to force themselves sit there continuously for hours, taking delight in doing abstract mathematics.,The narrator is being ironic in saying this. The abstract mathematics is probably enjoyable only for mathematics geniuses rather than ordinary teenagers.,continuously,begin to work hard on sth.,那些知道自己需要也应该认真刻苦地学习，但既无决心又无毅力迫使自己坐下来几小时不间断地去品尝纯数学的乐趣的那些人。,3. those who know they need and should,get down,to,hard studying, but somehow have neither got the determination nor the willpower to force themselves to sit down for hours,on end,digesting the delights of pure mathematics.,4. Now, this second group in which we have all found ourselves from time to time suffer the most severe guilt,complexes,over their lack of revision.,A complex is a psychological or emotional problem.,e.g. inferiority , superiority ,Those who fail to work hard for examinations would keep,feeling guilty of lacking willpower for revision.,现在,我们时常会置身其中的这第二类人，会因为没能充分地复习而遭受负罪感的巨大磨难。,Comprehension,青少年的烦恼,1,考试肯定是每个人经历过的最恐怖的事情之一。尽管考试是造成恐怖的重要因素，但它本身并不那么可怕；而考试前和考试后的时间才是最恐怖的。,2,考试前指的是你得复习的时候。不管你复习不复习，它都让人难受。首先，如果复习的话，你得集中精力去看一堆写满潦草字迹的,A4,纸，你会突然希望自己当初真该把笔记记得清晰一点，还希望自己该早一点开始复习。但是，一旦接受了时间不可倒转的事实，你就得全身心投入到复习中去，把生活中的其它一切都抛到一边。尽管你可以自欺欺人地觉得这样做并不难，但事实上这么困难的复习计划是根本实施不了的。你很容易走神，会猛然间有一种不可抵挡的欲望要去整理房间，尽管三个月来这房间就一直乱得像个猪圈。,BACK,Comprehension,3,当你被这奇异的消遣搅和得无法学习时，你就正在步入第二类复习人员的圈子,它是指那些知道自己需要也应该认真刻苦地学习，但既无决心又无毅力迫使自己坐下来几小时不间断地去品尝纯数学的乐趣的那些人。我们置身其中的这第二类人时常会因没能充分地复习而遭受负罪感的磨难。尽管他们很清楚自己应该学习却又不知怎么就是无法投身于这苦差事之中；诱惑战胜了使命，在某种程度上，他们遭受的苦难远比那些有毅力和决心坐下来复习的人多。,BACK,Comprehension,4,比考前复习阶段更可怕的就是考试之后等待结果的日子。在等待的过程中，你干不成什么学习的事情。你发觉自己时时恨不得将所有的笔记本和文档纸付之一炬，但转而又觉得最好还是把它们保存下来以免考试不及格需要补考时还得用。最可怕的是你知道邮差给你送成绩报告单的那天（棕色的信封通常使它更官方，更恐惧），它会告诉你学术界（还有整个社会）是判你成功还是失败，告诉你能否找到理想的工作，或进入理想的大学。信封里装着通往你未来的钥匙，也许最重要的是，它告诉你是否还得再一次遭受考试的恐惧。（吕睿中译，胡一宁审校）,BACK,reading,Story Reproduction,taking exam, the most awful experience,revision or no revision, a hard decision to make,suffering more if no revision,suffering not finished even though exam finished,painful experience of waiting for the results,After-reading,You may refer to the cues listed on page 141.,1. Present your viewpoint clearly;,2. Defend your viewpoint reasonably with some instances;,3. Rebut the counterparts point;,4. Reaffirm your viewpoint.,Pros: Exams are necessary in study.,Cons: Exams should be done away with as they are,nightmares for students.,Activity: What is your opinion on examinations?,reading,Language,in,Use,Grammar Development,Vocabulary Building,Grammar,Modal Verbs,1,、情态动词的语法特征,1,）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。,2,）情态动词除,ought,和,have,外，后面只能接不带,to,的不定式。,3,）情态动词没有人称、数的变化，即情态动词第三,人称单数不加,-s,。,4,）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分,词等形式。,2,、比较,can,和,be able to,1,）,can/could,表示能力、可能，只用于现在时和过去时,(could),。,be able to,可以用于各种时态。如：,They will be able to tell you the news soon.,2,）只用,be able to,的情况：,a.,位于助动词后,b.,情态动词后,c.,表示过去某时刻动作时,d.,用于句首表示条件,e.,表示成功地做了某事时，只能用,was/were able to,，不能用,could,。如：,He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.,= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.,Grammar,3,、比较,may,和,might,1,）,may,和,might,表示允许或请求，表示没有把握的推测；,may,放在,句首，表示祝愿。如：,May God bless you!,He might be at home.,注意：,might,表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比,may,小。,2,）,may/might as well,，后面接不带,to,的不定式，意为,“,不妨,”,。如：,If that is the case, we may as well try.,Grammar,典型例题,Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure,yet.,A. must,B. may,C. can,D. will,答案,B,。 表可能性只能用,may,，此句意可从后半句推出。,Grammar,4,、,比较have,to和must,1),两词都是“必须”的意思,，,have,to表示客观需要,，,must表示说话人,的,主观看法,，,即,主观上的必要,。,如,：,My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the,middle of the night.,我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生,请来,。,（,客观上需要做这件事,）,He said that they must work hard.,他说他们必须努力工作,。,（,主观上要做这件事,）,2),have,to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但,must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务,。,如,：,He had to look after his sister yesterday.,Dad said that I must finish my homework by 10.,Grammar,3）在否定结构中： don,t have to,表示“不必”，,mustnt表示,“,禁止,”,。如：,You don,t have to tell him about it.,你不一定要把此事告诉他,。,You mustn,t tell him about it.,你一定不要把这件事告诉他,。,Grammar,5,、,must,表示推测,1) must,用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为,“,一定,”,。,2) must,表示对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，后面通常,接系动词,be,的原形或行为动词的进行式。,You have worked hard all day, you must be tired.,He must be working in his office.,比较：,He must be staying there.,他现在肯定呆在那里。,He must stay there.,他必须呆在那。,Grammar,3,),must表示对已发生的事情的推测时，接完成式,。,如,：,I didn,t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.,我刚才没有听到电话,，我想必是睡着了,。,4),must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must后面要接不定,式的完成进行式,。,如,：,-Why didn,t you answer my phone call?,-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn,t hear it.,5),否定推测用can,t,。,如,：,If Tom didn,t leave here until five o,clock, he can,t be home,yet.,如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家,。,Grammar,6,、,表示推测的用法,can, could, may, might,must皆可表示推测，其用法如下,：,1）情态动词+动词原形。,表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词,。,如,：,I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.,2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。,表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测,。,如,：,At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam,papers.,这时,，我们老师想必在批改试卷,。,3）情态动词+动词完成时。,表示对过去情况的推测,。,如,：,The road is wet. It must have rained last night.,地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了,。,Grammar,4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。,表示对过去正在发生事情的推测,。,如,：,Your mother must have been looking for you.,你妈妈一定一直在找你,。,5）,推测的否定形式,、疑问形式,用,cant,couldnt表示,。,Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.,迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的,。,注意：,could,might表示推测时不表示时态,，,其,可能性比,can, may,小,。,Grammar,8,、,should和ought to,should和ought,to都为“应该”的意思，可用于各种人称,。,如,：,-Ought he to go?,-Yes. I think he ought to.,表示要求,、命令时,，,语气由should（应该）、had,better,（,最,好）、must（必须）渐强,。,Grammar,BACK,language,Vocabulary,Compound Words (2),shoot,out,shoot-out,verb,adverb,noun compound,Vocabulary,1. What are the meanings of the,following words? You may use a,dictionary for help.,die-hard breakdown drawback,set-up break-up farewell,standstill feedback,Vocabulary,2. Complete the sentences using the words in Exercise 1.,die-hard, breakdown, drawback, set-up, break-up, farewell, standstill, feedback,1. The great,to living on a main road is the constant noise.,2. Whats the,in your company?,3. We need more,from the consumer in order to improve,our goods.,4. A few,are trying to stop the reforms.,5. Our car had a,on the motorway.,6. Work is grinding into a,.,7. The president gave a,speech yesterday.,8. The,of their marriage surprised no one.,drawback,set-up,feedback,die-hards,breakdown,standstill,farewell,break-up,language,Culture Tips,Related Information,Oedipuscomplex:,Inpsychoanalytictheory,adesireforsexualinvolvementwiththeparentoftheoppositesexandasenseofrivalrywiththeparentofthesamesex.ThetermwasintroducedbySigmundFreudinhis,InterpretationofDreams,(1899)anditsderivedfromthemythologicalOedipus,whokilledhisfatherandmarriedhismother;itsfemaleequivalentistheElectracomplex.Consideredanormalstageinthedevelopmentofchildrenages3-5,itendswhenthechildidentifieswiththeparentofthesamesexandrepressesitssexualinstincts.FreudbelievedthattheprocessofovercomingtheOedipuscomplexgaverisetothesuperego.(p.1184,Merriam-WebstersCollegiateEncyclopedia,2000),Oedipus complex,Culture Tips,The book introduces Freuds theory of the,unconscious,with respect to,dream interpretation,.,Dreams, in Freuds view, were all forms of wish-fulfillment attempts by the unconscious to resolve a conflict of some sort, whether something recent or something from the recesses of the past (later in,Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Freud would discuss dreams which did not appear to be wish-fulfillment).,Interpretation of Dreams,Culture Tips,However, because the information in the unconscious is in an unruly and often disturbing form, a censor in the preconscious will not allow it to pass unaltered into the conscious. During dreams, the preconscious is more lax in this duty than in waking hours, but is still attentive: as such, the unconscious must distort and warp the meaning of its information to make it through the censorship. As such, images in dreams are often not what they appear to be, according to Freud, and need deeperinterpretationif they are to inform on the structures of the unconscious.,Interpretation of Dreams,Project,A Questionnaire on “Exam Anxiety”,Step 1,Work in groups and brainstorm about the items you are going to