,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,SUMMER TEMPLATE,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,wei9931耳生理(我创作的英文课件),wei9931耳生理(我创作的英文课件)wei9931耳生理(我创作的英文课件)Physiology of hearing&equilibrium in the earHearingto transform the sound waves as sensation,physical phenomenon to physiological process.,To maintain body balance mainly by vestibular system,in conjunction with the visual&proprioceptive systems,particularly vestibular system is more important,vestibule respond to position&change of head in space.Anatomic relationship between external,middle and inner earSemicircular canalvestibulecochleastapesincusmalleusExternal auditory meatusTympanic membraneBony portionNarrow portionCartilaginous portionNasopharyngeal opening,wei9931耳生理(我创作的英文课件)wei9931耳生理,耳生理（我创作的英文ppt课件）,耳生理（我创作的英文ppt课件）,耳生理（我创作的英文ppt课件）,耳生理（我创作的英文ppt课件）,Sound transmission,The waves are transformed by ear drum and auditory ossicles into the fluid of inner ear.,Impedance:the wave have to hurdle the resistance during transforming.The impedance incrase with various material,the waves travel through air at a speed of 344 m/s,the speed in water is 1428 m/s.,Only 0.1%acoustic energy is introduce into the water,99.9%are reflected back to air when waves were transformed from air to water.,Sound transmissionThe waves ar,Ear drum,Vestibular window,Cochlear window,Basilar membrane,Air conduction,Bone conduction,Cochlear nerve,The route of the transmission of sound from the outer to the inner ear,Air conduction,Bone conduction,Ear drumVestibular windowCochl,Function of external ear,A collector of sound,Conduction of sound,Judgment of sound source,Function of external ear,The structure of middle ear,External auditory,canal,air,malleus,icus,stapes,Tensor tympanic muscle,perilymph,Ear drum,stapediusmuscle,The structure of middle earExt,17,1,1.3,1,The instructure of ossicular chain,Incus long process,Stapes footplate,Drumhead,Malleus handle,1711.31The instructure of ossi,The ossicular chain acts as a system of leavers,1,1.3,The ossicular chain acts as a,The acoustic energy from large area of the drumhead is transformed to small area but more powerful movement of small area of the stapes footplate,17,1,Like thumbtack,The acoustic energy from large,enhancing mechanism of middle ear on acoustic energy,The length difference between handle of malleus and long process of incus=1.3:1,The area difference between drumhead and footplate of stapes=17:1,Above two difference enhance efficiently acoustic energy 17x1.3=22 multiple,enhancing mechanism of middle,Ossicles,Oval window,Normal drumhead,Perforated ear drum,Phases difference between oval window&round window,Round window,Basement membrane,Ossicles,Oval window,Round window,OssiclesOval windowNormal drum,Summary enchancing acoustic function of middle ear,Length difference between manubrium and long process of incus,area difference between drumhead&footplate of stapes,and phases difference between oval window&round window,they may rise auditory acuity 47 dB,By middle ear impedance match,the acoustic energy in the airborne sound is efficiently transformed to fluid-filled cochlea.,Summary enchancing acoustic fu,Physiological function of muscles in middle ear,Malleus,Tensor typanic muscle,Drum membrane,Stapes,Incus,Stapedius muscle,Contraction of tensor tympanic muscle pulls the manubraium medially and decreases the vibration of the tympanic membrane,contraction of stapedius muscle pulls the footplate of stapes out of the oval window,Physiological function of musc,Functions of Eustachian tube,Air exchange,Keeping the air pressure on the 2 sides of the ear drum equalied,Excretory,Draining for middle ear,Defense,Preventing for infection,Functions of Eustachian tubeAi,Variany on anatomic difference of between Eustachian tube infant and adult,Adult,Infant,Variany on anatomic difference,Eustachian tube was obstructed and secretive otitis media,Hypertrophy of the adenoid,Middle ear fluid,Eustachian tube was obstructed,Functions of the cochlear,Conduction:,the cochlea conducts sound energy from the oval window to hair cells.,Sensation:,the organ of Corti converts sound energy into endocochlear action potential,Functions of the cochlearCond,stapes,Basilar turn of cochlea,Basila membrane,Organ of Corti,Membrane cochlear duct,Cochlear sound conductive mechanism,Cochlear sound sensory mechanism,cochlea,Acoustic energy,stapesBasilar turn of cochleaB,Cochlear nerve,Cochlear nucleus,Superior olive,Lateral lemniscus,Inferior colliculus,Auditory cortex,Cochlea,Cochlea,Cochlear nerve passing,Cochlear nerve Cochlear nucleu,Sound condction and deafness,Auditory cortex,Cochlear nerve,Inner ear,Outer,middle ear,Conductive deafness,Sensory deaf,(cochlear deaf),Neurous deaf,(postcochlear),Neurous deaf,Mixed deafness,Sensorineural deafness,Sound condction and deafness,Physiology of the vestibular system,Physiology of the vestibular s,The position of semicircular canals and otolith organ,Horizontal canal,Superior