单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,词的翻译,词类的转换,词的增译和省译,重复法,11/19/2024,1,词的翻译词类的转换9/29/20231,词类的转换,英汉两种语言在词汇的使用上有很大不同。,汉语多使用动词，科技英语多使用名词；,英语有许多名词派生的动词，及由名词转用的动词；,汉语里形容词可做谓语，英语里形容词只能用作定语,词类转换主要分为以下几种情况：,转译成汉语动词,转译成汉语名词,转译成 汉语形容词,转译成汉语副词,11/19/2024,2,词类的转换英汉两种语言在词汇的使用上有很大不同。9/29/2,名词,转译成汉语动词,一些含有动作意义的,名词可以转译成动词,，,如attempt，use，support，love；或是由动词派生出来的名词，如arrangement，acquaintance,operation,arrival等。,The,flow,of electrons is from the negative zinc plate to the positive copper plate.,电子从负极流向正极,I have no,objection,to your plan.,我不反对你们的计划,11/19/2024,3,名词转译成汉语动词一些含有动作意义的名词可以转译成动词，如a,形容词转译成汉语动词,一些表示心理活动、心理状态和含有动词意义的形容词常常可以转译成汉语动词。如：aware，ignorant，careful，familiar，available等。,It is,desirable,to transform high voltage into low voltage by means of a transformer in an AC system.,我们,希望,通过交流系统中的变压器把高压电变为低压电。,We should be,aware,of the whole circumstances.,我们应该,摸清(掌握),全部情况,11/19/2024,4,形容词转译成汉语动词一些表示心理活动、心理状态和含有动词意义,介词转译成汉语动词,英语中很多介词在古英语中曾是动词。在翻译时也常把它们转译成汉语的动词。,The letter E is commonly used,for,electromotive force.,通常用字母E,表示,电动势,In any machine,input work equals output plus work done,against,friction.,任何机器的输入功都等于输出功加上,克服,摩擦力所做的功,11/19/2024,5,介词转译成汉语动词英语中很多介词在古英语中曾是动词。在翻译时,动名词转译成汉语动词,Changing,the resistance is a method of,controlling,the flow of current.,改变,电阻是,控制,电路中电流流动的一种方法,The causes of these failures are far from,clearing,.,这些故障的原因远没有,弄清楚,11/19/2024,6,动名词转译成汉语动词Changing the resista,动词转译成汉语名词,Neutrons,act,differently from protons.,中子的,作用,不同于质子,An electron or an atom,behaves,in some ways as though it were a group of waves.,电子或原子的,性状,多少有点像一组波,11/19/2024,7,动词转译成汉语名词 Neutrons act differe,代词转译成汉语名词,The voltage induced in the core is small,because,it,is essentially a winding having but one turn.,铁芯的感应电压小，因为,铁芯,实质上是一个只有一匝的绕组,This means the permittivity of oil is greater than,that,of air.,这就意味着油的介电系数大于空气的,介电系数,11/19/2024,8,代词转译成汉语名词The voltage induced i,形容词转译成汉语名词,Television is,different,from radio in that it sends and receives a picture.,电视和无线电的,区别,在于电视发送和接收的是图像,A body that recovers completely and resumes its original dimensions is said to be perfectly,elastic,.,能完全恢复并复原到原始尺寸的物体称为完全弹性体,11/19/2024,9,形容词转译成汉语名词Television is differ,副词转译成汉语名词,Such magnetism,because it is,electrically,produced,is called electromagnetism.,由于这种磁性产生于,电,，所以称为电磁.,The device is shown,schematically,in Fig 2.,图2是这种装置的,简图,11/19/2024,10,副词转译成汉语名词Such magnetism,becau,名词转译成汉语形容词,Thus,the,addition,of the inductor prevents the current from building up or going down quickly.,这样，,增加的,电感器阻止电流的快速增长或下降,The electric conductivity has great,importance,in selecting electrical materials.,在选择电气材料时导电性是很,重要的,。,11/19/2024,11,名词转译成汉语形容词Thus,the addition o,副词转译成汉语形容词,Gases conduct,best,at low pressure.,气体在低压下导电性能,最佳,This communication system is,chiefly characterized,by its simplicity of operation.,这种通讯系统的,主要,特点是操作简单,11/19/2024,12,副词转译成汉语形容词Gases conduct best a,动词转译成汉语形容词,Light waves,differ,in frequency just as sound waves do.,同声波一样，光波也有,不同的,频率,11/19/2024,13,动词转译成汉语形容词Light waves differ i,转译成汉语副词,The language allows a,concise,expression of,arithmetic and logic processes.,这种语言能,简要地,表达算术和逻辑过程,The added device will ensure,accessibility,for part loading and unloading.,增添这种装置将保证工件装卸,方便,11/19/2024,14,转译成汉语副词The language allows a c,词义的增减,英汉两种语言的表达方式是不同的。在句子结构不完整，含义不明确或词汇概念不清晰时，就需要对语意加以补足。而如果有些词在译文中不言而喻，就要省略一些不必要的词，使得译文更加简炼，严谨。,增译,根据语义,根据原文语法概念,根据汉语表达习惯,省译：冠词、介词、动词、代词、连词、同义或近义词,11/19/2024,15,词义的增减英汉两种语言的表达方式是不同的。在句子结构不完整，,根据语义增译,原文如果无其词，但有其义时，翻译时应该增加相应的词语。,The molecules get closer and closer with the pressure.,随着压力,的增加,，分子越来越接近,Glass is fragile,therefore it should be handled carefully.,因为玻璃易碎，所以要,轻拿轻放,。,11/19/2024,16,根据语义增译原文如果无其词，但有其义时，翻译时应该增加相应的,根据原文语法概念而增译,英语的名词复数，动词时态、语气和连词等概念可以通过增译在汉语中体现出来。,After watching for,years,he discovered important,phenomena,.,观察,数,年之后（经过,数,年的观察），他发现了,许多,重要的,现象,。,Had we known it in time,we,would have,prevented the accident.,要是我们及时知道那件事，事故,本来,可以防止的。,11/19/2024,17,根据原文语法概念而增译英语的名词复数，动词时态、语气和连词等,根据原文语法概念而增译(续),Were,there no electric pressure in a conductor,the electron flow would not take place in it.,导体内,如果,没有电压，就不会产生电子流动现象,If they should not get the data,they would not,know,and solve,the problem,.,如果他们没有得到这些数据，他们就不可能弄明白,这个问题,，更不能解决这个问题。,11/19/2024,18,根据原文语法概念而增译(续)Were there no el,为符合汉语表达习惯而增译,These motors are expensive,but good.,这批马达很贵，但,质量,很好,11/19/2024,19,为符合汉语表达习惯而增译These motors are e,词的省译,英语句子中需要的词，汉语句子中不一定需要。为使译文符合汉语的表达习惯，应将一些汉语中不该出现的词省略不译，这就是所谓的省译法。,英语中的冠词、代词和连词在译文中往往可以省略。,在某些情况下，介词、动词，名词也可以省译,同义词或近义词的省译,11/19/2024,20,词的省译英语句子中需要的词，汉语句子中不一定需要。为使译文符,省译冠词,冠词：a,an,the,A,transistor is,a,device controlling the flow of electricity in,a,circuit,晶体管是在电路中控制电流的器件,Hence,the,unit of electric current is,the,ampere.,因此，电流的单位是安培,11/19/2024,21,省译冠词冠词：a,an,the9/29/202321,省译代词,代词：one,this,that,these,those,One,can never be too careful in ones work.,工作越仔细越好,If,you,permit the current to flow longer,more heat will be produced.,电流通过的时间越长，产生的热量越多,11/19/2024,22,省译代词代词：one,this,that,these,省译连词,Early people got up,at,sunrise,and,went to bed,at,sunset.,古人日出而作，日落而息。,Where,the