单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Thomas Malthus(1766-1834),Thomas Malthus,was educated at home,until 1784 he got admission from University of Cambridge Jesus College.,In 1791 he received a masters degree,and in the two years after he was elected to the Jesus academy.,In 1797 he was ordained as an Anglican priest in the village.,In 1805 he became the first professor of political economy at the East India Company college.,The Principle of Population,Malthuss thought was to a large extent on his father and friends(such as Rousseau)optimistic thought reactionary.,Some of his articles,is the response to Condorcet.,On“The Principle of Population”,Malthus made a famous prophecy:population growth beyond the food supply per capita,leads to reduced food.Demographic theory is:if there is no limit,population is an exponential rate,(,i.e,.:2,4,8,16,32,64128)growth,and food supply is linear rate,(,i.e,.:1,2,3,4,5,6,7)growth,Malthus has become widely known for his theories about population and its increase or decrease in response to various factors.The six editions o his,An Essay on the Principle of Population,published from 1798 to 1826,observed that sooner or later population gets checked by famine and disease.,Malthus regarded ideals of future improvement in the lot of,humanity,with,skepticism,considering that throughout history a segment of every,human population,seemed relegated to,poverty,.,Malthuss basic thesis is the trend that the population growth over the food supply growth.,An Essay on the Principle of,Population,Malthus argued that two types of checks hold population within resource limits:,positive,checks,which raise the death rate(include hunger,disease and war).,preventive,checks,which lower the birth rate.(abortion,birth control,prostitution,postponement of marriage and celibacy).,“,I have called this principle,by which each slight variation,if useful,is preserved,by the term,Natural Selection,.”,Charles Darwin,was born on February 12,1809 in Shrewsbury,England.,Darwin was the British naturalist who became famous for his theories of evolution and natural selection.,Darwin believed all the life on earth evolved(developed gradually)over millions of years from a few common ancestors.,Charles Darwin,Darwin set his theories forth in his book called,On the Origin of Species,by Means of,Natural Selection,.After publication of,Origin of Species,Darwin continued to write on,botany,geology,and,zoology,until his death in 1882.,Darwins work had a tremendous impact on religious thought.,Darwin was a reserved,through,hard working scholar who concerned himself with the feelings and emotions not only of his family,but friends and peers as well.,It has been supposed that Darwin renounced evolution on his,deathbed,.,German philosopher,Poet,Composer,Cultural critic,Classical philologist,1844-1868:,youth&student year,1869-1879:,years in Basel,1880-1888:,years of wandering,1889-1900:,years of insane,Friedrich Nietzsche,(1844-1900),Professor at Basel(1869-1879),professor of classical,No doctorate and teaching certificate,His philosophy,a rich,brilliant,ambitious person,Countless people with poor emotional feeling,disabled boby,shortsighted,The conventional thought suppresses the value of life,The God died,we should fight against the Christian,Object to the old thought,The weaker(mercy,compassion,pardon,equality),Nietzsche,Marx and Freud,the greatest impact thinker on the spiritual life of the 20th century.,Thus Spake Zarathustra,is Nietzsches blockbuster masterpiece,but also the readers understand Nietzsche aesthetics andintroductory book of philosophy.,Nietzsche claiming that this is a book written for both the analysis and the artist who has the ability to reflect.This book is full the Transcend and art of the mystery of psychology,it is a full courage of young people and sadnessYouth,.,Thats all,thank you!,goodbye!,