单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,快速学会非谓语动词的逆向学习法,下面的练习要求是：,A,：找出该非谓语的逻辑主语，并指出与该动词是主动关系还是被动关系；,B:,指出非谓语的动作是发生在主句动作之前还是之后；,C:,或指出其在句中所作的成分；,1.Having realized that I could use kite to attract the lightning,I decided to do the experiment.,2.The bell rang,and all the boys and girls went out of their classroom,singing and jumping.,3.The boys swimming in the sea were in danger.,主动,主动,主动,4.They hearing the news,their tears came down their cheek.,5.When taken following its directions,the drug has no neglect effect,主动,被动,二、,感受从一般句子转换为含非谓语部分（分词）的句子,方法（一）：由,定语从句,改为,分词,短语的方法：,1,若关系词之后有,be,动词,(,限,be,在结构,be+V-ing,或,be+V,-ed,中时,),则删去关系代词和,be,，其它成分不变。,Eg,.A).Watch the men who are coming this way.,Watch the man,coming,this way.,B).Lessons which are learned easily are soon forgotten.,C).The dog which was beaten yesterday is dead.,Lessons,learned,easily,are soon forgotten.,The dog,beaten,yesterday,is dead.,2,若关系词之后没有,be,动词,(,限,be,在结构,be+V-ing,或,be+V,-ed,中时,),而是一般的动词,则删去关系词，再将动词改为,-,ing,形式,其它不变。,A).Anyone who wishes to leave early may do so,.,Anyone,wishing to leave early,may do so.,The boy,sitting near the window,was good at playing football.,We see the stream,rising from the hole,.,B).The,boy,who sat near the window,was good at playing football.,C)We see the stream,which rises from the hole.,方法（二）：由状语从句改为分词短语的方法。,A,）,.,先将引导状语从句的连接词去掉。,B,）,.,如果状语,从句的主语与主句主语,相同,，则去掉从句主语；,不相同，,则保留从句主语（亦称独立主格结构）,C,）,.,再将原状语从句的谓语动词变成,ing,形式，,补充,：,当状语从句的谓语含有,be+V-ing,（进行时结构）或,be+V,-ed,（被动式）时，也可能将,be,去掉,其它部分不变。,注意,：,若主句动词为现在时，而状语从句的动词为过去时，那么为了表示状语从句的动作时间早于主句的动词，则变分词短语是应改为,完成式,。,转换练习：,1.,状语从句主语与主句主语相同。,1).,After I had heard from,my brother,I felt much happy,2).,As he is,ill,he cant attend the meeting.,Having heard from my brother,I felt much relieved.,Being ill,he cant attend the meeting.,3).,When he was buying,the books,he met an old friend.,4).Because he has been praised,too much,he becomes too proud.,Buying the book,he met an old friend.,Having been praised too much,he becomes too proud.,2.,前后主语不相同。,1,）,.After the sun had set,we arrived at the station.,2,）,.When school was over,，,the boys went home.,The sun,having set,we arrived at the station.,School being over,the boys went home.,3,）,As his homework has been done,the boys went home.,4,）,If the weather permits,well go to the Great Wall.,His homework having been done,the boys went home.,The weather,permitting,well go to the Great Wall.,注意,：,若主句动词为,现在时,，而状语从句的动词为,过去时,，那么为了表示状语从句的动作时间,早,于,主句的动词，则变分词短语是应改为,完成式,。,3.,注意。,1,）,.Because his lovely dog was dead,little boy is very upset.,2,）,.As he was idle in his youth,he has to work hard in his old age.,3,）,.After new teaching building was finished,students study in the new classroom now.,His lovely dog having been dead,little boy is very upset.,Being idle in his youth,he has to work hard in his old age.,New teaching building having been finished,students study in the new classroom now.,(,三,),：并列句改为分词短语的方法：,分词可以代替并列句中的一个句子，其作用是说话者对主要句子的补充。先将并列句中的连接词去掉，然后将其中一个谓语动词变为,V-,ing,形式（两句若是用句号隔开，变化后将,句号改为逗号,）。,条件,：,并列句主语相同时，,保留一个主语,；并列句主语不相同时，两个主语都保留。,此处也要注意到方法（二）中的“一个补充”和“一个注意”。,1.,主语相同时，保留一个主语。,1).My train starts at 12,and,will arrived in Wuhan at 3.,2).She alone stayed at home,and,did her homework.,My train starts at 12,arriving in Wuhan at 3,.,She alone stayed at home,doing her homework.,(,三,),：并列句改为分词短语的方法：,2.,主语不相同时，两个主语都保留。,如：,1.He was reading a book,and,his wife was doing housework.,.,2.She listened to the story about him,and,tears ran down their cheeks.,He was reading a book,his wife doing housework.,She,listened to the story about him,tears running down their cheeks,.,三、,补充：,注意此类句型的一种变体。,连接词,+,分词,：（此类句型实际上是将从属连词,when,while,though,as,等引导的从句省略了相同的主语及,be,动词变化而来的）,转换练习：,1.While he was fighting in Korea,he was taken prisoner.,2.When the drug is taken according to its introductions,the drug has no neglect effect.,While,fighting,in Korea,he was taken prisoner.,When,taken,according to its introductions,the drug has no neglect effect.,四、小结：,从上面的练习中可以得出一个小结：,一回头,：找该非谓语的逻辑主语；,两确定：,确定该非谓语动词的动作与主句谓语的动作先后；,确定该非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主谓或动宾关系；,P25,p112,五、,巩固练习,：,1,、将下列复合句或并列句改为含分词短语的句子,When he left the classroom,he didnt say goodbye to me.,Because he is ill,he cant attend the meeting.,The teacher is teaching in the classroom.Jim and Tom are playing games.,The boys who swam in the river were in danger.,When leaving the classroom,he didnt say goodbye to me.,Being ill,he cant attend the meeting,The teacher teaching in the,classroom,Jim,and Tom are playing games,.,The boys swimming in the river were in danger,The policeman saw the thief who was stealing a bike.,This is one of the houses that were built last year.,The professor came into the classroom.He was followed by some teachers.,The policeman saw the thief stealing a bike,This is one of the houses built last year.,The professor came into the classroom,followed by some teachers.,Because he had seen the film before,he went out of the cinema.,When our school is seen from the mountain.Our school is beautiful.,The man rose from