单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The past perfect,The past perfect progressive,and,The past perfect,1）structure：subject,+had+,past participle,affirmative sentence：subject+had+,past participle,negative sentence：subject+had+not+past participle,general question：Had+subject+past participle,passive voice：subject+had（hadnt)been+past participle,2),Past perfect tense time adverbial,before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as。,He said that he,had learned,some English,before,.,Tom was disappointed that most of the guests,had left,when,he arrived at the party,（3）Some verbs pluperfect said that plan to do something but have not do it.,I,had intended,to come over to see you last night,but,someone called and I couldnt get away.,昨晚我本打算来看你，但有人来找，脱不开身。,We,had hoped,to catch the early bus,but,found it was gone.,我们本希望搭早班车，却发现车已开了。,（4）For representation and the past facts contrary virtual conditions in the clause,If you,had come,yesterday,you,would have met,him.,如果你昨天来的话，你就已经见到他的面了。,She,would have come,if she,hadnt been,so busy.,要不是这么忙的话，她就已经来了。,The past perfect progressive,1）structure:,S+had been+doing,1）not yet completed尚未完成：,He,had been writing,the novel（He had not finished it yet）,2）attempt企图：,He,had been studying,the meaning of this proverb（He was trying to study it）,3）Without results未得结果：,We,had been studying,what our enemy had said（But we were not able to understand it）,4）Recent situation最近情况：,He,had been quarrelling,with his wife（lately）,5）repeated反复动作：,He,had been asking,me the same question（Many times）,6）mood情绪：,What,had,he,been doing,？（impatient）,compare,She had cleaned the office,so it was very tidy.,她已经打扫办公室了,所以很整洁。（强调结果）,She had been cleaning the office,so we had to wait outside.,她一直在打扫办公室,所以我们不得不在外面等着。（强调动作一直进行）,Thank you!,