单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,Katherine,Mansfield凯瑟琳曼斯菲尔德,Introduction,凯瑟琳曼斯菲尔德Katherine Manthfield):1888-1923，短篇小说家，文化女性主义者，新西兰文学的奠基人，被誉为100多年来新西兰最有影响的作家之一。著名作品有花园酒会、幸福和在海湾等。她的创作指向女性的生存境况，她以独特的形式，对女权解放这个社会问题供给了文学的挽救之道。,Brief introduction of Katherine Mansfields life,Katherine Mansfield Murray was born in Wellington,New Zealand新西兰威灵顿,into a middle-class中产阶级 colonial family on October 14，1888.Her father,Harold Beauchamp,was a banker and her mother,Annie Burnell Dyer,was of genteel(上流社会的)origins.,In 1895 she attended the Karori School with her sisters;there she won a prize for an essay.,In 1898 she and her elder sisters transferred to Wellington Girls High School in central Wellington.,In 1903 the entire family sailed to England,where until 1906 she attended Queens College in London.It was a stimulating period:Katherine Mansfield discovered the writing of Henrik Ibsen亨利克.易卜生,Oscar Wilde(奥斯卡.王尔德,Arthur Symons亚瑟西蒙斯,Walter Pater 沃尔特.培特)and Ernest Dowson,all of whom had an influence on her late work.,In December 1906 Katherine returned reluctantly(不情愿地 to New Zealand with her family.In defiance of the rigid conventions of Wellington society,she pursued involved,sexually charged relationships with both men and women.,In July 1908 Mansfield sailed for London.She fell in love with Arnold Trowels阿诺德 twin brother,Garnet,by whom she became pregnant.Inexplicably,she became engaged to George Charles Bowden乔治 査尔斯 波顿,a singing teacher,marrying him on 2 March 1909 at the Paddington register office,dressed in black,she left her husband that evening.,In December 1911 Mansfield met John Middleton Murry约翰 米特尔顿 默里,editor of the journal Rhythm and a student at oxford.At her invitation he became her lodger,then her lover.Although they not to marry for another seven years,they were known by friends,were deeply committed to each other from this time.By 1915 Mansfield and Murry were close friends with D.H and Frieda Lawrence and were witnesses at their wedding.,In 1915 Mansfields brother visited her in London,and they spent the summer days reminiscing,planning to return to New Zealand.In October he was killed in the war.Mansfield was suffering sadness of losing her brother.so she determined to do something to her country and began to write the prelude序曲.The following years she continued to build her reputation and made a lot of works.Also her illness turned much more serious day by day,and she cherished time very much and worked hard.,In 1922 she went to London for what were to be final meetings with her father and friends.On January 9,1923 Mansfield died.Her last words were:“I love the rain.I want the feeling of it on my face.“,曼殊菲尔徐志摩,你记否伦敦约言，曼殊斐儿！,今夏再见于琴妮湖之边；,琴妮湖永抱着白朗矶的雪影，,此日我怅望云天，泪下点点！,我当年初临生命的消息，,梦觉似的骤感恋爱之庄重；,生命的觉悟是爱之成年,我今又因死而感生与恋之涯沿！,因情是掼不破的纯晶，,爱是实现生命之唯一途径：,死是座伟秘的洪炉，,此中凝炼万象所从来之神明。,我哀思焉能电花似的飞聘，,感动你在天日遥远的灵魂？,我洒泪向风中遥送，,问何时能戡破生死之门？,Short stories,“In a German pension“(1911)(collection),“The Woman At The Store“(1912),“How Pearl Button Was Kidnapped“(1912),“Millie“(1913),“Something Childish But Very Natural“(1914),“The Little Governess“(1915),“Pictures“(1917),“Feuille d”Album“(1917),“A Dill Pickle“(1917),“Je ne parle pas franais“(1917),“Prelude“(1918),Works,Short stories,“An Indiscreet Journey“(1920)不恰当的旅行,“Bliss“(1920)幸福集,“Miss Brill“(1920)布里尔小姐,“Psychology“(1920)心理,“Sun and Moon“(1920)阳阳与亮亮,“The Wind Blows“(1920)起风了,“Mr Reginald Peacock”s Day“(1920)雷金纳德皮库克先生的一天,“Marriage la Mode“(1921)时髦的婚姻,“The Voyage“(1921)航程,“Her First Ball“(1921)她的第一次舞会,“Mr and Mrs Dove“(1921)鸽子先生和太太,Works,Short stories,“The Stranger“(1921)生疏人,“The Daughters of the Late Colonel“(1921)已故上校的女儿,“The Man Without a Temperament“(1921)依顺的丈夫,“At The Bay“(1922)在海湾,“The Garden Party“(1922),“A Cup of Tea“(1922),“The Doll”s House“(1922),“A Married Man”s Story“(1923),“The Canary“(1923),“The Doves nest“(1923),“Something childish“(1923),Works,一类表现为生存而苦斗、挣扎的年轻女子。这些作品多产生于她创作的早期，有求职女、一杯茶、罗莎蓓儿惊梦记、莫斯小姐的一天、女仆人的财身女仆、巴克妈妈的一生等。这些作品融汇了曼斯菲尔德早期的经受。在其创作的鼎盛时期，曾经深受孤独、疾病所熬煎。,曼斯菲尔德的其次类作品表现中产阶级女性的婚姻家庭生活。这类作品，有幸福、生疏人、起风了、鸽子先生和夫人、花园茶会、抱负家庭、序曲、在海湾等。其次类作品的消逝，开头从单纯描摹外在生活现象转向精神探究，标志着她女性主体意识走向自觉。曼斯菲尔德自身经受和共性在小说中的充分扩张，传达了对传统女性价值观念的反思和破坏。,女性主义,女性主义Feminism又称女权女权主义妇女解放女性解放、性别平权男女公正主义，是指为完毕性别主义sexism、性剥削sexual exploitation、性卑视和性压迫sexual oppression，促进性阶层公正而创立和发起的社会理论与政治运动，批判之外也着重于性别不公正的分析以及推动性底层的权利、利益与议题。,曼斯菲尔德女性主义思想的形成并非偶然，其缘由是多方面的。,首先，她生活的维多利亚时代的思潮和文化对她产生了很大的影响；同时代或之前的作家对她的思想也产生了乐观的影响，如俄国作家契诃夫、托尔斯泰、陀思妥耶夫斯基和英国作家弗吉尼亚伍尔夫、劳伦斯等。,再次，其家庭环境对她女性主义思想的形成也起了确定的启蒙作用。她小说中的反传统主题和她自己对资本主义传统家庭的反叛是严密联系在一起的。从内在因素来看，曼斯菲尔德桀骜不驯、坚韧独立的共性以及她自己选择的人生道路也促成了她女性主义思想的形成。,通过争论认为，曼斯菲尔德的短篇小说是呈现其女性主义思想的舞台。她始终认为自己可以用更简洁的方式来整治世界的毛病，也就是通过写作，她短暂却成果丰硕的一生证明她正是这样做的。虽然曼斯菲尔德没有供给如何解放女性的答案，但她不仅对女性在父权制社会所受到的心灵和肉体的双重压迫进展了深刻剖析和批判，还深入分析了女性在家庭和社会中的凄惨命运和所处的被动地位的心理，给日后女性真正生疏和解放自己供给了必要的心理依据，她还对女性如何获得自我解放做了乐观的探究，这些都是曼斯菲尔德致力于女性主义进展的最好佐证。因此，曼斯菲尔德可以称得上是一位女性主义的先驱。,