定语从句,定语从句,重温高考,内容索引,专题精析,考点集训,重温高考内容索引专题精析考点集训,重温高考,重温高考,3,.,单句语法填空,I,d skipped nearby Guilin,，,a dream place for tourists seeking the,limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li,River,_,are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.(2015,全国,),解析,先行词为指物的,mountain tops and dark waters,，关系词在定语从句中作主语，因此答案为,that/which,。,考向,1,关系代词引导的限制性定语从句,答案,解析,that/which,.单句语法填空考向1关系代词引导的限制性定语从句答案解析,.,单句改错,(,每小题仅有,1,处错误,),1.Around me in this picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time,：,car magazines and musical instruments.,(2017,全国,),答案,1,2,which/that,解析,解析,things,是先行词，后面是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故引导词用,that,或,which,。,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)答案12which/tha,2.The dishes what I cooked were Mom,s favorite.(2016,四川,),或,The dishes what I cooked were Mom,s favorite.,答案,which/that,解析,解析,分析句子结构可知，,dishes,后跟的是定语从句，,what,不能引导定语从句，应用,that/which,引导。引导词在定语从句中作,cooked,的宾语，可以省略，因此也可以把,what,删除。,1,2,2.The dishes what I cooked wer,考向,2,“,介词,whom/which,”,或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句,1,2,.,单句语法填空,1.When harvest came around,，,he was already selling herbs,，,vegetables and cotton in the market,people from the towns met regularly.(2015,广东,),解析,根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词,the market,，且关系词在定语从句中作状语，故填关系副词,where,。,答案,解析,where,考向2“介词whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性,2.Behind him were other people to,he was trying to talk,，,but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me,，,looking annoyed.(2011,广东,),解析,此处是一个定语从句，缺少关系代词，因为先行词为,other people,，指的是人，而且与介词,to,连用，所以填,whom,。,答案,解析,whom,1,2,2.Behind him were other people,.,单句改错,(,仅有,1,处错误,),Third,，,we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing,，,especially bath water for which is quite a lot,，,and that will save much water,.,(2012,大纲全国,),答案,解析,解析,此处考查,which,引导的定语从句，,which,在从句中作主语，从句是主系表结构，句子成分齐全，,for,在此处多余，故应删除。,.单句改错(仅有1处错误)答案解析解析此处考查which,考向,3,关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句,.,单句语法填空,1.Like anything,，,it is possible to have too much of both,，,is not good for the health.(2017,全国,),解析,分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词,which,。,答案,解析,which,1,2,3,4,5,6,考向3关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句.单句语法,2.But Sarah,，,has taken part in shows along with top models,，,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017,全国,),解析,引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用,who,。,答案,解析,who,1,2,3,4,5,6,2.But Sarah， has taken,3.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,，,it remained until the carrot,s leafy top accidentally sprouted(,生长,) through it.(2017,浙江,),解析,考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词,the garden,，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用,where,引导该定语从句。,答案,解析,where,1,2,3,4,5,6,3.Pahlsson and her husband now,4.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,，,I was the first Western TV reporter permitted,to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.,(2016,全国,),解析,先行词是表示时间的,the mid-1980s,，且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词,when,。,答案,解析,when,1,2,3,4,5,6,4.But my connection with panda,5.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,，,lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,，,influenced the development of chopsticks.,(2016,全国,),解析,所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，故填,who,。,答案,解析,who,1,2,3,4,5,6,5.Some people think that the g,6.Of course whenever they turned to look at him,，,they had to look at Mary,，,made her feel like a star.(2012,广东,),解析,由逗号可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子所表述的内容，故用,which,引导。,答案,解析,which,1,2,3,4,5,6,6.Of course whenever they turn,.,单句改错,(,每小题仅有,1,处错误,),1.In their spare time,，,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,，,that is on the rooftop of their house.(2017,全国,),答案,which,解析,解析,此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词,their garden,，关系词在从句中作主语，应用,which,而不能用,that,引导。,1,2,3,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)答案which解析解析此,2.Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner,，,that might not be served until 8 o,clock at night.,(2013,新课标全国,),答案,which,解析,解析,此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词,dinner,，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用,which,而不能用,that,。,1,2,3,2.Having tea in the late after,3.There,，,Katia will introduce me to some of her friends,，,one of who has been to China several times.(2011,重庆,),答案,whom,解析,解析,因关系词指人，并且作,of,的宾语，只能用,whom,，不能用,who,。,1,2,3,3.There，Katia will introduce m,专题精析,专题精析,定语从句的句法功能及相关定义,1.,功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。,2.,位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；,as,引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。,Those who are for the plan raise your hands,，,please.,As is known to us all,，,the earth is spinning around the sun.,定语从句的句法功能及相关定义,3.,先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。,先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：,some-,，,any-,，,every-,，,no-,与,-body,，,-thing,的合成词或,all,，,none,，,any,，,some,，,that,，,those,等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。,4.,关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。,关系代词：,who,，,whom,，,which,，,that,，,whose,，,as,等。,关系副词：,when,，,where,，,why,等。,3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。,定语从句的核心考点,1.,确定关系词的步骤：,(1),先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。,(2),看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。,注意：,先行词与关系词是等量关系。,(1),先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。,This is the place which is worth visiting.,(2),关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。,There are many places we can visit in China.(visit,后面不能再加,many places/them),定语从句的核心考点,2.,在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用,that,而不用,which,：,(1),当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。,(2),先行词被,all,，,every,，,no,，,some,，,any,，,little,，,much,，,the only,，,the very,，,few,等修饰时。,(3),先行词为,all,，,much,，,little,，,none,，,few,，,something,，,anything,等不定代词时。,2.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用that,(4),先行词中既有人又有物时。,He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.,(5),先行词在主句中作表语时。,The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.,(6),当主句是以,which,开头的特殊疑问句时。,Which are the books that you bought for me?,(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。,3.,用,which,而不用,that,的情况：,(1),在非限制性定语从句中。,(2),当关系词前有介词时。,(3),当先行词本身是,that,时。,(4),关系词后有插入语时。,3.用which而不用that的情况：,4.,关系词,who,与,that,指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。,(1),当主句是,there be,句型时，关系词用,who,。,(2),先行词是,anyone,，,those,，,someone,，,everyone,，,one,等词时，关系词用,who,。,(3),当主句是,who,作疑问词时，关系词用,that,。,Who is that girl that is standing by the window?,(4)whom,在从句中只作宾语，可被,who,取代。,5.whose,作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。,Do you know Mr Smith whose story is very moving?,There is a room,，,whose window faces the river.,4.关系词who与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关,6.,关系代词,as,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,(1),先行词被,such,和,the same,修饰，或句型,as many(much),中，从句都用,as,引导。,Such books as you bought are useful.,注意：,such.that.,引导结果状语从句。如：,They are such lovely children that we love them much.,the same.as.,和,the same.that.,都可引导定语从句，前者表示,“,与,同样的,(,但不是同一个,),”,；后者表示,“,同一个，就是那个,”,如：,This is the same pen as I lost last week.,这同我上周丢失的那支钢笔一样。,(,但不是同一支,),This is the same pen that I lost last week.,这就是我上周丢的那支钢笔。,6.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,(2),先行词为句子，定语从句用,as,或,which,引导。,区别：,意义上：,as,含有,“,这点正如,一样,”,。,位置上：,as,从句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾；,which,引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后。,He didn,t pass the exam,，,as we had expected.,There is lots of air in loose snow,，,which can keep the cold out.,As is known,，,the earth is round.,(2)先行词为句子，定语从句用as或which引导。,7.,关系副词,when,，,where,，,why,when,指时间,in,/,at,/,on/during which,where,指地点,in,/,at/from which,why,指原因,for which,注意：,that,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代,when,，,where,，,why,和,“,介词,which,”,引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为,the way,，,the time,，,the day,，,the place,等，在口语中,that,常被省略。,I don,t like the way (that/in which) he talks.,The day (that/when/on which) she arrived was Thursday.,7.关系副词when，where，why,8.,必须注意的问题：,(1),关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。,(2),注意区别定语从句与强调句。,定语从句中关系词作从句成分；,强调句中,it,无意义，,that/who,不是引导词；,去掉,it is/was,和,that/who,后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。,It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(,定语从句,),It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(,强调句,),8.必须注意的问题：,(3),定语从句与同位语从句的区别。,定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，,that,充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。,同位语从句的引导词被叫作连接词，,that,不充当任何成分，不可省。,We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(,定语从句,),Word came that their army was defeated.(,同位语从句,),(4),关系词在定语从句中省略的情况。,关系词作宾语，前无介词时；,关系词作表语。,(5),关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是,which,和,whom,。,(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。,(6),几个特殊的定语从句句型：,He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(,句中,one,为先行词,),He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(,句中,students,为先行词,),Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?,Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday?,He stood at the window,，,from where he could see what was happening.,It may rain,，,in which case the match will be put off.,(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：,考点集训,考点集训,.,单句语法填空,1.According to Dr.Lance Workman,，,these people may develop a temporary moral code in their minds,justifies their actions,：,there are rich people who have things I don,t have so it,s right that I take it.,2.This is the very factory,they visited last summer holiday.,3.When facing hardships,，,only those,are confident will achieve success.,4.That evening,，,I will tell you more about later,，,I ended up working very late.,which/that,that,who,which,.单句语法填空which/thatthatwhowhich,5.I wish to thank Professor Smith,，,without,help I would never have got this far.,6.After the flooding,，,people were suffering in that area,，,urgently needed clean water,，,medicine and shelter to survive.,7.We live in an age,more information is available with greater ease than ever before.,8.The next day,，,my brother and I went to the beach,we watched some people play volleyball.,whose,who,when,where,5.I wish to thank Professor Sm,9.He wrote many children,s books,，,nearly half of,were published in the 1990s.,10.We,ll reach the sales targets in a month,we set at the beginning of the year.,which,which/that,9.He wrote many childrens boo,.,单句改错,(,每小题仅有,1,处错误,),1.I,ve never heard of the people and things which you talked about just now.,2.This is the only question which has been answered.,3.This is the museum where we visited last Sunday.,或,This is the museum where we visited last Sunday.,4.We have made the same mistake which you made last time.,that,that,which/that,as,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)thatthatwhich,5.I shall never forget the years I spent in the country with the farmers,，,that has a great effect on my life.,6.The young man had a new girlfriend,，,in who he took pride.,7.I also enjoyed the evenings when,we spent together.,或,I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.,8.The visitors saw rows of houses,，,the roofs of,whose,are red.,which,whom,which/that,which,5.I shall never forget the yea,9.Please tell me the way which you did the job.,或,Please tell me the way which you did the job.,或,Please tell me the way which you did the job.,10.Little has been done what is helpful to our work.,that,that,in,9.Please tell me the way which,.,语法填空,(,定语从句专练,),Yangshuo,，,China,It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn,t care.A few hours before,，,I,d been at home in Hong Kong,1.,I breathed its choking smog.Here,，,the air was clean and fresh,，,even with the rain.,I,d skipped nearby Guilin,2.,is a dream place for tourists 3.,_,seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River,4.,_,are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead,，,Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 5.,fly to Guilin,，,its only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.,where,which,who/that,that/which,who,.语法填空(定语从句专练)wherewhichwho/th,Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 6.,was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 7.,are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families,8.,are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,9.,is a travel company in Hong Kong,，,says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people,10.,live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.,that/which,that/which,that/who,which,who/that,Yangshuo is really beautiful.A,(,一,),定语从句意识缺失,1.,关系代词被普通代词取代,(,误,)I have many collections of stamps,，,some of them,are my favorite.,(,正,)I have many collections of stamps,，,some of which,are my favorite.,2.,关系代词遗漏,(,误,)The last one,leaves,the classroom please close the windows.,(,正,)The last one,who leaves,the classroom please close the windows.,第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。,书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦,(一)定语从句意识缺失书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦,(,二,),假冒伪劣的定语从句,1.,有从无主式,(,误,)My friend Jane,，,who,is very friendly to us classmates.,(,正,)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates.,(,正,)My friend Jane,，,who is very friendly to us classmates,，,has a variety of hobbies,.,第一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。,(二)假冒伪劣的定语从句,2.,从句成分残缺式,(,误,)Those,who against,it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.,(,正,)Those,who are against,it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.,第一句定语从句的成分不完整，缺谓语。介词,against,不能单独作谓语。,2.从句成分残缺式,3.,画蛇添足式,(,误,)As can be seen from the picture,，,that,a sad boy stands between his angry parents.,(,误,)As can be seen from the picture,，,a man,who,is talking happily.,(,误,)I have many collections of stamps,，,and,some of which are my favorite.,第一句中关系代词,as,代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词的。所以应去掉,that,。,第二句中同样,as,代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的,who,是多余的。,第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词,and,是多余的。,3.画蛇添足式,Thank You!,Thank You!,46,