,http:/,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Nanostructured Carbide-Derived Carbons,for Energy-Related and Biomedical Applications,Yury Gogotsi,Director,A.J.Drexel Nanotechnology Institute,Trustee Chair Professor of Materials Science&EngineeringDrexel University,Philadelphia,PA 19104,USA,Major Research Activities,Nanotubes,Nanocones,and,Nanowires,Y.G.,J.A.,Libera,N.Kalashnikov,M.Yoshimura,Science,v.,290,317,(2000),Nanotube,-Based,Nanofluidic,Devices,Y.G.,J.,Libera,A.,Yazicioglu,et al.,Appl.Phys.,Letters,v,.79,p.1021(2001),N.,Naguib,H.Ye,Y.G.,et al.,Nano,Letters,v.4,2237(2004),Nanotube,-Reinforced Polymers,F.,Ko,Y.G.,A.Ali,et al.,Advanced Materials,v.,15,1161,(2003),Nanodiamond,Powders and Composites,S.,Osswald,G.,Yushin,V.,Mochalin,S.,Kucheyev,Y.G.,J.American Chemical Society,v.128,11635 (2006),Indentation Induced Phase Transformations,Y.G.,A.,Kailer,K.G.Nickel,Nature,v.401,663(1999),Raman Spectroscopy and Electron Microscopy,P.H.Tan,S.,Dimovski,Y.G.,Phil.Trans.Royal Soc.,Lond,.,A,v.362,2289(2004),Carbide-Derived Carbons for Energy-Related and Other Applications,Y.G,M.Yoshimura,Nature,v.367,628-630(1994),Y.G.,S.,Welz,D.,Ersoy,M.J.,McNallan,Nature,v.411,283(2001),J.,Chmiola,G.,Yushin,Y.G.,et al.,Science,v.313,1760(2006),nucleus,mitochondria,Carbon Nanotube,Nanotube-Tipped Multifunctional Cellular Probes,J.R.Freedman,et al.,Appl.Phys.Lett,.90,103108(2007),D.Staack,et al,Angewandte,Chemie Int.Ed,.,47,8020(2008),M.G.Schrlau,et al,Nanotechnology,19,325102(2008),v,Electrical.Fluorescence.,Optical,SERS,Electrochemical measurements,50%,O.Hutchins,US Patent,1271713(1918),W.A.Mohun,US Patent,3066099(1962),S.K.Gordeev et al.,J.Appl.Chem,.(USSR)64,1178(1991),N.F.Fedorov,Russ.Chem.J.,39,73(1995),Y.Gogotsi,M.Yoshimura,Nature,367,p.628(1994),A.Kravchik et al.,Russ.J.Appl.Chem,.72,2159(1999),Y.Gogotsi,et al,Nature,411,p.283(2001),J.Leis,et al.,Carbon,39,2043(2001),Positions and spatial distribution of carbon atoms in the carbide affect,the structure and pore size/shape of CDC,G.Yushin,A.Nikitin,Y.Gogotsi,Carbide Derived Carbon,in,Nanomaterials,Handbook,CRC Press(2006),Carbide Lattice Template for CDC,G.Yushin,A.Nikitin,Y.Gogotsi,in,Nanomaterials Handbook,ed.by Y.Gogotsi(CRC Press,2006),Carbide Lattice Template for CDC,Ti,3,SiC,2,-CDC(1200,C),SiC-CDC(1200,C),Pore-size distributions calculated using NL DFT model,Ar sorption at 77 K,Autosorb-1,Gogotsi,Y.,et al.,Nature Materials,v.,2,591(2003),dD/dT 0.0005 nm/,o,C,or:+/-10,o,C temperature control-,better than,0.1,pore control,.,Tunable Pore Size in CDC,Choice of starting material and synthesis conditions gives an almost unlimited range of porosity distributions,High surface area,Uniform pores,Ti,3,SiC,2,-CDC,T=300,C,Si,C,T=1700,C,10,-6,vacuum,graphite,nanotubes,Formation of Graphite and Nanotubes,Z.G.Cambaz,G.Yushin,S.Osswald,V.Mochalin,Y.Gogotsi,Carbon,(2008),46,841,Vacuum decomposition of SiC produces ordered nanostructures:,Graphene,graphite or CNTs,Factors affecting,CDC structure:,Temperature,Crystal face,Oxygen P,Surface state(roughness),Surface chemistry,Heating rate,M.Kusunoki at al.,Applied Physics Letters,77,424,2000;,Chemical Physics Letters,366,458,2002,CDC:Powders,Films,Fibers,Bulk,CDC coated SiC,Tyranno fabric,Bulk CDC,from sintered,SiC,CDC coated,dynamic seals,d=3 cm,Powder,Efficiency of Energy Technologies,Input,Ideal storage,(no losses),Output,Supercapacitors:109%,0%,100%,Primary,renewable energy,U.Bossel-European Fuel Cell Forum-July 2008,Liquefied hydrogen:400%,Compressed hydrogen:312%,Compressed air:156%,Pumped water:130%,Lead acid batteries:120%,Lithium-ion batteries:116%,Useful energy,Energy Distribution,Today,:80%chemical,20%physical,Future,:20%chemical,80%physical,Chemical Storage,Capacitive Storage,Cross-cutting panel,P.Simon,Y.Gogotsi,Nature Materials,v.,7,845,(2008),Unexpected capacitance increase as pores decrease below 1nm,Chmiola,J.;Yushin,G.;Gogotsi,Y.;Portet,C.;Simon,P.;Taberna,P.-L.,Science,2006,v.313,1760,Increase in Carbon Capacitance at pore size below 1 nm,Cation:,(CH,3,CH,2,),4,N,+,Anion:,BF,4,-,Ions MUST be desolvated!,TiC-CDC Electrochemistry,J.Chmiola,C.Largeot,P.-L.Taberna,P.Simon,Y.Gogotsi,Angew.Chemie Int.Ed,.v.,47,3395,(2008),Need to increase energy(100W-h kg,-1),to directly compete with batteries,Larger voltage window that traditional electrolytes provides much greater energy density,Still need to understand capacitance mechanisms and possibly increase the voltage window even more,Carbon-Electrolyte Couples,Question:,How to match a porous carbon(select from hundreds)with an electrolyte(select from thousands)?,P.Simon,Y.Gogotsi,Nature Materials,v.,7,845,(2008),TiC-CDC Ionic Liquid,C.Largeot,et al,J.Am.Chem.Soc,.,v.130,2730,(2008),Specific gravimetric and volumetric capacitances change versus the chlorination temperature for CDC electrodes tested in EMI-TFSI electrolyte at 60C.,A standard activated carbon(Kuraray)designed for organic electrolyte-based,s