单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高三英语总复习语法专项训练,非谓语动词作定语和状语,高三英语总复习语法专项训练非谓语动词作定语和状语,1,一、非谓语动词的概念,非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。,它们是动词的非限定形式。,在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用。,以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用。,一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。,2,二、动词不定式,不定式(,to do),可以作状语和定语。,(一)作定语,1.动词不定式与其修的词之间往往有动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物动词,其后有必要的介词。例如：,Hesa pleasantfellow,toworkwith,.,Theresnothing,toworryabout,.,2.,有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如:,time,reason,chance,right,ability,willingness,need,wish,plan,等。,Womenshouldhavetherighttoreceiveeducation.,Thereisnotimetohesitate.,3.thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thebest,等之后用不定式做定语。,Themonitorwillbethefirsttocome.,Hewasthelastmantoblame.,二、动词不定式 不定式(to do)可以作,3,(二)作状语,1.作目的状语:,不定式作状语时,一般置于句子末尾。但是,如果表示强调,亦可置于句首。(其否定形式为:,not to do),HewenttoShanghaitovisithisparents.Tosavetheearth,wemustpreventtheearthfrombeing polluted.,Ishutthedoorquietly,soasnottowakethebaby.,2.,作结果状语:,Wecamehomeafterourholidaytofindourgardenneat,andtidy.,Shelefthome,nevertoreturnagain.,(二)作状语,4,3.,作原因状语:,不定式做原因状语时,一般放在句子末尾。,Sheburstintolaughtertoseehisfunnyaction.Theboywasshocked/surprisedtoseethefrighteningscene.,4.,作独立成分,有些固定词组带,to,不定式,表明说话人的立场或态度,在句中作独立成分。这些词有:,to behonest；tobeginwith；totell(you)thetruth,等。,Totellyouthetruth,IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.,Tobehonest,IhaveneverheardofWinstonChurchill.,3.作原因状语:,5,三、动名词,动名词由动词原形加词尾-,ing,构成.它同时具有动词及名词特征。(以下主要介绍其做定语及状语的情况。),1.作定语,Noneisallowedtosmokeinthewaitingroom.,Thespeedingcarcametoastopallofasudden.,2.,置于介词后作状语,介词+动名词可以作状语用,表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方式等。例如：,After finishing the job,he went home.TheywenttoManchesterwiththeobjectofwinningthe,WorldChampionship.,Hewasblamedforhavingdonesomethingwrong.,三、动名词 动名词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成,6,四、分词,现在分词和过去分词两种。分词可以在句中作状语及定语。,(一)现在分词与过去分词的区别,现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上。,在语态上,现在分词表示主动意思,过去分词表示被动意思。,在时间上,现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词则表示动作已完成（定语中）。,developingcountries(,发展中国家),developedcountries(,发达国家),thetouchingtale(,动人的传说),thetouchedaudience(,受感动的观众),a worried look/face（,焦急的脸）,四、分词现在分词和过去分词两种。分词可以在句中作状语及定语。,7,(二)现在分词的用法,现在分词可在句中作定语和状语。,1.作定语,现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前:,Thisisapressingquestion.,这是一个紧迫的问题。,Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.,他提了一个令人难堪的问题。,（现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后:,Therewerenosoldiersdrilling.）,现在分词短语,一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后:,Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.,Themenworkinghereareallfromtheruralareas.,(二)现在分词的用法,8,2.现在分词用作状语,现在分词（短语）可用作状语,表示时间、原因、,结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。,(1)表示时间,Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawaniceview.,Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.,强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,现在分词之前可用连词,when,或,while:Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagaintous.WhileflyingovertheChannel,thepilotsawwhathe,thought tobeaparticular star.,2.现在分词用作状语,9,(2),表示原因,Beingsick,Istayedathome.,Shecaughtcoldsittingonthegrass.,(3),表示条件,Usingthismethod,wellraisetheaverageyieldby40%.,Turningright,youwillfindapathleadingtohiscottage.,(4),表示让步,Admittingwhatshehassaid,I still think hasnttriedherbest.,(2)表示原因,10,(5),表示方式或伴随情况,Heranuptoher,breathingheavily.,Pleasefillintheform,givingyourname,address,etc.,Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.,Itrainedfortwoweeks,completelyruiningourholiday.,(5)表示方式或伴随情况,11,_ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.,To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept,(2001,春季高考 第21题),Multiple choice,2 _,a letter from her parents,Lily is now looking,forward to _ from them.,Having not received;hear B.Not received;hear,C.Not having received;hearing D.Receiving not;hearing,V.+ing phrases:,appreciate;avoid;cant help;consider;enjoy;escape;finish;give up;imagine;insist on;keep(on);mind;miss,devote oneself to;pay attention to;be used to;get down to,A,C,_ late in the morning,Bob,12,不定式,不定式的,作用,1,例1,NMET 2000,第19题,Ive work with children before,so I know what _ in my job.,A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects,B,解析,该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：,tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain,不定式不定式的作用1例1 NMET 2000 第19题,13,解析,例2,NMET 1999,第21题,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_,it more difficult.,A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make.,B,不定式,不定式的,作用,1,因为主语是,the purpose，,在（,purpose,wish,promise,plan）,后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，,to,不能省略，因此构成,the purpose is tonot todo,句型，故选,B。,解析例2 NMET 1999 第21题The purp,14,不定式的,时态,2,例3,NMET 1997,第12题,I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.,A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gone,D,不定式,解析,该题考查动词不定式做,宾语,的 用法。,Would love(like)to,是固定搭配，因此,B、C、,不合题意。,Would love+,不定式一般式，表示,“想，希望”,，而接不定式完成式则表示,“原本希望而未曾实现,”的意思。,不定式的时态2例3 NMET 1997第12题I wo,15,例4,NMET 1999,第14题,Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.,to have studied B.to study,C.to be study D.to have been studying,A,常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：,Would love,meant,hoped,planned,expected,promised,wish,等,例如：,I meant to have telephoned you,but I forgot.,解析,例4 NMET 1999 第14题Robert is,16,不定式,不定式的,否定形式,3,例5,NMET 1996,年,The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation,.,A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eat,C,解析,该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意,warn,后跟词方式，,warn sb.not to do sth.warn sb.against doing sth.,该题应该用,结构另外，,not,应放在,to,之前。,在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看,see,