单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/9/14,#,TRANSLATIONCET4,TRANSLATIONCET4,1,Contents,翻译标准,翻译技巧,分类练习,Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closet natural equivalent of the source-language message,first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of the style.,Nida 1969,The Theory and Practice of Translation,Contents翻译标准翻译技巧分类练习Translatio,2,四级翻译的标准,四级翻译的标准,3,新四级翻译之-主语选择课件,4,翻译技巧,1,主语的选择,2,无主句的翻译,3,调整语序,4,词性转换,5,动词时态的翻译,6,减译法,7,增译法,8,合并译法,9,“让”字句的译法,10,“使”字句的译法,翻译技巧12345678910,5,1.,主语的选择,小试牛刀,(请比较英汉主语的区别),钱你不用还了。,这锅饭能吃十个人。,这匹马骑着两个人。,被人缠上是件讨厌的事儿。,老子打儿子,天经地义。,上面坐着主席团。,从她那儿能找到解决问题的办法。,说的是古代的一个老头,名叫愚公。,1.主语的选择小试牛刀(请比较英汉主语的区别),6,You dont have to pay it back/repay the money.,This pot of rice can feed ten people.,On the horse were riding two people.,It is annoying to be pestered/troubled.,It is perfectly justified for a father to beat his own son.,On the platform were sitting the members of the presidium.,We can turn to her for a solution.,The story is about an old man named Yugong in ancient times.,You dont have to pay it back/,7,汉语主语,vs,英语主语,汉语:,主谓,非支配关系;不一致;可无主语。,汉语主语:(名词,代词,数词,),英语:,主谓,一致;单复数一致。,英语主语:(代词,名词,名词性短语,名词性从句,),汉语主语vs英语主语汉语:主谓非支配关系;不一致;可无主语。,8,汉语主语(被陈述的话题),汉语主语是谓语说明的对象,可以是名词、代词、数词、量词,或者动词短语、主谓短语等,如:,1,这本,杂志,我不看了。,2,那边,正在卖冰激凌。,3,西瓜,吃完了。,4,山顶上,开了一家酒吧。,5,这么快,就挂了?,6,这些教材,我们自学很容易。,汉语主语(被陈述的话题)汉语主语是谓语说明的对象,可以是名词,9,七大主要英语的主语,施动主语(,agentive subject):,Susan,is growing flowers,受动主语(,affected subject):,Her books,translate well,工具主语(,instrumental subject):,A stone,broke the glass,地点主语(,locative subject):,The jar,contains honey.,七大主要英语的主语施动主语(agentive subjec,10,时间主语(,temporal subject):,Yesterday,was Monday.,事件主语(,eventive subject):,The dispute over the problem,lasted a decade,it,作主语,表时间、气候或距离:,It,is very late,It,s very hot in summer here.,It,作形式主语,:,It,is impossible to finish the paper in ten minutes.,七大主要英语的主语,时间主语(temporal subject):七大主要英语,11,主语选择的原则,1.,必须是句中应该突出的信息,2.,必须符合行文连贯的需要,3.,必须添加必要的主语(无主句),4.,必须符合英美人的思维视角,5.,必须符合英语的逻辑搭配习惯,主语选择的原则1.必须是句中应该突出的信息,12,主语选择(例文,P2,),请同学们试着翻译一下吧!,从前的农业社会里,中国人最重要的节日就是过年。对过去的一年来说,这是结束;对未来的一年来说,这是开始。一进入腊月,街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛,这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。大家不仅借着各种节日来调剂一年来的辛劳,同时也在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。过年时,每家门上都贴上了春联,耀眼的红纸增加了人们的喜气,优美的字句提供了勉励。,主语选择(例文P2)请同学们试着翻译一下吧!,13,1.,主语必须是句中应该突出的信息,从前的农业社会里,中国人最重要的节日就是,过年,。(此处理解为“新年”),译文:,In Chinas formerly agricultural society,Spring Festival was the most important holiday,汉语:,节日,是,过年,主,谓,宾,英语:,主语必须是句中应该突出的信息,Spring Festival,was,the holiday.,主,系动词,表语,1.主语必须是句中应该突出的信息从前的农业社会里,中国,14,2.,必须符合行文连贯的需要,对过去的一年来说,,这,是结束;对未来的一年来说,,这,是开始。,It,was the end of the previous year and the beginning of the next.,并列句中的“这”指的是上文中的“过年”(,Spring Festival,),可以用,it,来代替。,2.必须符合行文连贯的需要对过去的一年来说,这是结束;对未,15,3.,必须添加必要的主语(无主句),一进入腊月,街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛,这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。,When the twelfth month of the lunar year began,the happiness of new-year celebration pervaded the streets for month and a half.,“,一进入腊月,”,无主语,可转换为“腊月一开始”则主语为,“腊月”,When the twelfth month of the lunar year began,3.必须添加必要的主语(无主句)一进入腊月,街头巷尾就充满,16,4.,必须符合英美人的思维视角,“街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛”可转换为主语位置抽象名词的的句式“,过年的气氛充满了街头巷尾,”,When the twelfth month of the lunar year began,the happiness of new-year celebration,pervaded the streets for month and a half.,“这种气氛,要持续一个半月之久。,”-“,这种气氛,”,同样指代,“,过年的气氛,”,这样主语与前一句一致可省略,后接介词短语。,4.必须符合英美人的思维视角“街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛,17,5.,必须符合英语的逻辑搭配习惯,大家不仅借着各种节日来调剂一年来的辛劳,同时也在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。,People,sought relief from the previous years weariness,with entertainment,that focused on the optimism and enterprise,“,借着各种节日来,调剂一年来的辛劳”,中有两个动词短语,英语中动词使用频率低于汉语,可转换为介词短语。,5.必须符合英语的逻辑搭配习惯大家不仅借着各种节日来调剂,18,无主句,过年时,每家门上都贴上了春联,耀眼的红纸增加了人们的喜气,优美的字句提供了勉励。,New year scrolls were put on the doors of every family in Spring Festival:the shiny red scroll increasing happiness and the rhythmic words giving encouragement.,“,每家门上,”,是“贴上了春联”的方位,而不是它的主语。可将“贴上了春联”视为,无主句,。,无主句,COMING SOON,无主句过年时,每家门上都贴上了春联,耀眼的红纸增加了人们的,19,练习,-,主语选择的原则,学习无主句之前先来练习一下主语选择的原则吧!,练习-主语选择的原则学习无主句之前先来练习一下主语选择的原,20,主语必须是句中应该突出的信息,这次国家调动了160万军队去帮助守护大堤,将被洪水淹没地区的百姓迁走。,1.6,million troops,have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move people out of areas being flooded,主语必须是句中应该突出的信息这次国家调动了160万军队去帮,21,人们已把李白的诗集译成了多种外国文字。,The collection of Li Bais poems,has been translated into many foreign languages,到去年年底,上海已与好几个国家签订了建造拉索桥的合同或协议。,By the end of last,year,contracts or agreements,were signed with some countries for the construction of chain bridges in Shanghai,人们已把李白的诗集译成了多种外国文字。,22,上海采取了一系列的优惠政策来吸引外资。,A series of preferential policies,have been adopted in Shanghai to attract foreign capital,5.,有心栽花花不开,无心插柳柳成荫。,A carefully bedded flower,may not blossom while,a casually planted willow,may survive and thrive.,上海采取了一系列的优惠政策来吸引外资。,23,结束语,当,你尽了自己的最大努力,时,,,失败,也是伟大,的,所以不要放弃,坚持就是正确的。,When You Do Your Best,Failure Is Great,So DonT Give Up,Stick To The,End,结束语,24,谢谢,大家,荣幸,这,一路,与你同行,ItS An Honor To Walk With You All The,Way,演讲人:,XXXXXX,时 间:,XX,年,XX,月,XX,日,谢谢大家演讲人:XXXXXX,25,