单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语语法,名词与主谓一致,英语语法名词与主谓一致,1,指出下列句子中的名词,1.It takes two to make a quarrel.,一个巴掌拍不响。,1,什么是名词？,一、名词,【答案】,quarrel,指出下列句子中的名词 1什么是名词？一、名词,2,2.Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.,不要自找麻烦。,1,【答案】,第2、3个trouble,3.Facts speak louder than words.,事实胜于雄辩。,【答案】,Facts；words,2.Dont trouble troub,3,1,表示人或事物(事件/行为)名称的词是名词。,1 表示人或事物(事件/行为)名称的词是名词。,4,观察各组单词的特点，指出其类别,1familyclassschool,2penmanbook,3ideacommunismstyle,4ricemilkwater,5 JohnChinaJapan,2,名词有哪些类别？,集合名词,个体名词,抽象名词,物质名词,专有名词,观察各组单词的特点，指出其类别2名词有哪些类别？集合,5,2,名词分为,专有名词,和,普通名词,；,个体名词,与,集体名词,；,物质名词,与,抽象名词,；,可数名词,与,不可数名词,。,2 名词分为专有名词和普通名词；个体名词与集,6,1可以直接用数目来计算的名词是,可数名词,；不可以直接用数目来计算的名词是,不可数名词,。,2,一般而言，个体名词和集合名词是可数名词；抽象名词和物质名词是不可数名词,。难点是有些名词根据词义的变化其性质也发生变化，如“success(成功)”是个抽象的概念，常用作不可数名词。但表示“成功的实例(人或物)”时，用作可数名词。另外，名词是否可数，不能完全根据汉语的思维来确定。,1可以直接用数目来计算的名词是可数名词；不可以直,7,3,不可数名词有复数形式吗？,指出画线部分单词的含义,1.Healthy diet should include,vegetables,.,【答案】,(各种各样的)蔬菜,2.Its dangerous to cross,waters,around this island.,【答案】,(,很多的水体)水域,3不可数名词有复数形式吗？指出画线部分单词的含义,8,不可数名词一般无复数形式。偶有复数形式，用以表达种类的多，又如各种食物表达为“foods”；或表达数量的多，又如树林表达为“woods”(很多树)，沙地/滩/漠表达为“sands”(很多沙子)。,不可数名词一般无复数形式。偶有复数形式，用,9,不可数名词前一般不能用不定冠词，但在物质名词个体化或抽象名词具体化的情况下，可以使用。如a coffee 意为“一杯咖啡”，此时coffee变成个体名词；“He is a failure as a writer.”中的a failure意为“失败者”，此时failure具体化，由抽象名词变为个体名词。,不可数名词前一般不能用不定冠词，但在物质名词,10,4,完成下列句子根据汉语提示写出下列各个单词，注意使用名词后缀,1.马是有用的动物。,_ is a useful animal./_ is a useful animal./_ are a useful animal.,2.水对人类至关重要。,_ is extremely important to man.,名词的泛指和特指怎么表达？,The horse,A horse,Horses,Water,4 完成下列句子根据汉语提示写出下列各个单词，注,11,3.你提到的那个人拿走了我昨天买的所有的书。,_ you mentioned took away all the books I bought yesterday.,4.这口井的水不能喝，里面有致癌矿物质。,_ in this well isnt fit to drink,for it contains minerals causing cancer.,The man,The water,3.你提到的那个人拿走了我昨天买的所有的书。,12,5,指出画线部分充当的句子成分,1.,Basketball,is my favorite sports.,2.What you need is,confidence,.,3.His careless driving caused,the accident,.,4.We elected Mr.Li,head,of our school.,5.This kind of flower is called,carnation,.,6.Beijing,capital of China,is worth visiting.,名词在句子中充当什么成分？,(主语),(表语),(宾语),(宾补),(主补),(同位语),5指出画线部分充当的句子成分名词在句子中充当什么成分？(主语,13,7.Id like to buy a,coffee,cup.,8.The meeting lasted,8 days,.,(,定语),(,状语),7.Id like to buy a coffee cu,14,名词在句子中分别充当,主语，宾语，表语，宾补，主补，同位语，定语或状语。,名词在句子中分别充当主语，宾语，表语，宾补，主,15,1,什么叫主谓一致,写出括号中动词的适当形式,1.I _(be)the ninth letter of the alphabet.,I 是字母表中第9个字母。,2.Both the touchmenot and the forgetmenot _(be)plants.,含羞草和勿忘我都是植物。,二、主谓一致,is,are,1 什么叫主谓一致 写出括号中动词的适当,16,3.Attitude _(decide)everything.,态度决定一切。,4.Opinions about whether to go into details about the issue _(vary)from person to person.,关于是否深入问题的细节这个问题，观点因人而异。,decides,vary,3.Attitude _(d,17,能否将主谓一致理解为“主语是复数形式则谓语用复数，主语是单数形式则谓语用单数”？,翻译下列句子，标出句中的主语和谓语动词,1.书籍是人类的好朋友。,2,【答案】,Books,主,are,谓 good friends to man,能否将主谓一致理解为“主语是复数形式则谓语用复,18,2.一个流浪汉躺在公园的长凳上，双手抖个不停。,【答案,】,A homeless man,主,was lying on,谓 the bench in the park,with both his hands trembling.,3.许多抽烟者把医生的忠告当耳边风。,【答案】,Many a smoker,主,turns a deaf ear to,谓 the doctors advice.,2.一个流浪汉躺在公园的长凳上，双手抖个不,19,4.当时一千英镑是一大笔钱。,【答案】,One thousand pounds,主,was,谓 quite a big sum of money at that time.,5.羊主要吃草。,【答案】,Sheep,主,feed,谓 on grass.,4.当时一千英镑是一大笔钱。【答案】On,20,主语是复数形式，谓语不一定用复数(如例句4)；主语是单数形式谓语也不一定用单数(如例句5)。,主语是复数形式，谓语不一定用复数(如例句4),21,3,观察每组句子中谓语动词单复数形式与主语的关系，尝试找出其中的规律,1.(1)Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚。,(2)Every dog has his day.人人皆有得意时。,2.(1)The wounded need medicine and food.,伤员们需要药品和食物。,(2)The wounded is his cousin.,那个伤员是他的表弟。,主谓一致有什么原则？,3 观察每组句子中谓语动词单复数形式与主语的关,22,3.(1)Not only Beijing but also other cities in China have taken on a new look.,不仅北京而且中国其他城市的面貌也焕然一新。,(2)Not human resources but the system counts.,不是人力资源而是制度起决定作用。,4.(1)English as well as other languages has its own rules.,同其他语言一样，英语也有其自身特点。,3.(1)Not only Beijing,23,3,主谓一致原则有：,1.,语法一致原则。,即主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式(如例句1)。,2.,意义一致原则。,即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语表达的实际意义决定。同样形式的主语含义不同时，谓语单复数形式有变化(如例句2)。,3 主谓一致原则有：,24,3,3.,就近原则。,即谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词确定(如例句3)。,4.,承前（就远）原则。,即谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词确定(如例句4),3 3.就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由,25,4,完成下列句子，注意谓语动词的形式,1.Growing in the field _(be)green crops.What a beautiful scenery!,2.There _(be)no reply from the company in charge up to now.,3.His family _(be)very large.,are,has been,谓语动词单复数形式怎样确定？,is,4完成下列句子，注意谓语动词的形式are has bee,26,4.The doctor and teacher _(speak)good English thanks to having lived abroad for years.,5.Growing vegetables _(need)constant watering.,6.To be a pilot _(be)his dream.,7.When he will be set free from the prison _(remain)a big problem.,8.Neither the hostess nor her children _(like)hot food,so please dont add pepper.,speaks,is/was,needs,remains,like,4.The doctor and teacher,27,9.Look!The mother cat with all her babies _(run)after a mouse.,10.Since all _(be)ready and all of us _(be)here,lets begin our meeting.,11.Each book and each dictionary here _(publish)by BNUP last year.,12.Many a visitor _(have)such an experience so far.,is running,are,is,was published,has had,9.Look!The mother ca,28,13.More than one person _(charge)with theft the