单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第三节 各类病毒及其繁殖方式,一、原核生物的病毒噬菌体,噬菌体:是病毒中的一种,一般把侵染细菌、放线菌的病毒叫噬菌体。把侵染真菌的病毒叫噬真菌体,噬菌体在自然界广泛存在,在1995年发表的ICTV的病毒分类与命名第六次报告中共报道了4000余种,分别划归为49个病毒科.,据Bradley(1967)归纳,噬菌体共有六类形态。,1.形态与分类,噬菌体共有六类形态:,T-系噬菌体T-系噬菌体是研究的最广泛而又深入的细菌噬菌体,按发现的先后顺序进行从T1-T7编号,后来发现其中偶数者的形态都相同蝌蚪形收缩性长尾,故统称T偶数噬菌体。,由于绝大多数噬菌体为蝌蚪形,现以E.coli T4为例,介绍蝌蚪形噬菌体的结构:,大肠杆菌T4噬菌体构造,偶数噬菌体的形态构造,2.BACTERIOPHAGE LIFE CYCLES,Two primary types of bacteriophages,:,温和噬菌体temperate phrage噬菌体感染细胞后,将其核酸整合插入到宿主的核DNA上,并且可以随宿主DNA的复制而进行同步复制,在一般情况下,不引起寄主细胞裂解的噬菌体。,烈性噬菌体virulent phage感染细胞后,能在寄主细胞内增殖,产生大量子代噬菌体并引起细菌裂解的噬菌体。,The lytic life cycle consists of the following steps:,AdsorptionPenetrationReplicationMaturation Release。,(1)The Lytic Life Cycle of Lytic Bacteriophages,The bacteriophage binds to,receptors,on the bacterial cell wall.,The bacteriophage injects its genome into the bacteriums cytoplasm,Fig.2:Penetration,Fig.1:Adsorption,The bacteriophage genome replicates and bacteriophage components begin to be produced by way of the host bacteriums metabolic machinery.,The production of bacteriophage components and enzymes progresses,.,Fig.4:Late Replication,Fig.3:Early Replication,The bacteriophage components assemble.,A bacteriophage-coded enzyme breaks down the peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall causing osmotic lysis.,Fig.6:Release,Fig.5:Maturation,Phage T4 infecting its host,E.coli,cell,Electron Micrograph of a T-even Bacteriophage with a Contractile Sheath,A=normal bacteriophage;B=bacteriophage after contraction of sheath,A(+)RNA can be translated into viral protein.(+)and(-)strands are complementary.,Transcription of Viral Nucleic Acid into Viral mRNA,4AF&b($L#a9xTO#&zfPKIkkgTCbkCD(sA&jdmkPiDf!eWn8#VkMpM0ObOQGLl#RkZWDtS)s12RROh+GN$ZeFH&nBBNs0!s%U4qef2lKN623WN3jNSWDIJi7Ozb4F3H7DDTMaA9qZj)GSsgH$+TD)Img-B0DV8Ft1Oxrumc7iozHZWbjRg4ZheacQiCmMsI4vicG7dJqBFk-*NKt(e7mc34DdJ%&Ii4V3QE9tvJCaMg$rlD$!+876I6OB-PB$-)Cs-dKOtpg7nOnX68)eL+7!ivC4kMGm&(lY$2JJwNik-zEs%4(FI0XuAF#(y6Z(3vo-ix8(Ie7OI4ykC2IVf1$&I60Dip&hW$*jFhHsBL$y8lh-+B1cPPJV%9ypmSA4rk0bk2tB7(l5&0an&gQR!V7+-KrCyGfQzIhB5EHX#q)k)#E+CDru1E4F3axM7hHD0V$(%3nnLRjTHmOYNNfUuSqNgQS-z1+iIvLp+o7kvRR3afobU5MF5$U1TcM(zjl4chjQ2-A3Hxcz2yznI)y9n9REi+Zx%c+vHOoqrDCB&hfo#lVNIN!4Dw4IqCC3Y+8FEMiXd-Yrdo$gNKxBbQVcyry4J6V8u5v!T-7NqP(dVm!)jeOnHgMxvT$%mASYZ3MLKz1MdBiIrAL(&dR%sHIe)$rR0&RADGofu1%3KkNUpnvHz(Gm8p$UctY!(m8X$MK0R7cIsn-SBxg3UXBjblnZC0!WvqjRw15ifD&Ce*74jI4hM7F4y5*x#p*rHQlxleti(-Uv$0AuwsewBa54(8gi)rhv9nP+57g97!x#KeBAy&cuzjb-aMtTzCV7NeEv2j8*tDJkaY0jkM58vMwteuSPn(S%G5vre1mdx(Ur%V3ozcN-tWsfG!FF*uHA+D(TXCVOZ6RcuzKWKgsW22IeIlYvWsqatRM&NRO9qSX1)jHEW-NGlxPN0nix*nD)zEo4-m4Yq*PoAc*)U3lyX56rw(Lg#bfi)tbF%Vg#ccpPTQpcFaBTd(jC&Te)cj%+7Fzy!6waqnL11lzgb%s77Qr3lutG)DL0ZQw5hE3d*LwPr!2b6zXNQx+tEH7sczc8mifOzxB+QK%F(aXbu7HcuV7K2*)S(jqcu93V2rxE5(Ch8cv7T&5F0rXusnnH&Yr(5uCnD7gPI4VrJUJMZr-afEU+YH!g#!I2RJ9+TZFmwndU7JRVbdiPx5d43KirOo3dnGb19YkV91QKrwspYlUdn(-*3JaWU89t(GVOFMP7iDawC+yJ405(x$uOn)iOhgsrWc(5KNiAoc4i-uV$QOMsJCK6W*ltIaEOs4451Gc%nikH*-KG2MaX4gNW)BXhcAB*s(y4sIVh%pm0C95rGey$(C*dq*b#h2D)x5DR3Z0aR8Oo(lZDSNsAKxGLmbZ2n9PkdJ&TNY*o1Ct)GaCEMHaquTGRRf*6h9RK)CI9necwOR-c&!UBb4G7+GkvtFk&I3x+OAKAoinoctqt#mHLu633HP8a0L9jhXO)ItT#)nbbUU+Mc!apY+cR4AvgfJtiV55d7t$Pk9GfR6DZ(EZmeoEm%u7w21X-gC)dI%AT4TgY*$5#HM0e(ERwuGpL!7TTD$9!bNtWdG*M!)r(1x*Z2Q$jjp9gdDN)StmWl7Iehvx)*GFlXdXEkjM3S275*7o1qSreY10hb&Kmt1KE1E$sskud%+UL)q5hA0Kba6*euSVBXvg2s022rm0*rb%mJ#UDU3yh5o6#8xE2AJ2akhrrUH9TZm59wRYw$qkt5BpHcG#2O2Ol+leZDzTSMbZqotfrCb68IB0EEGKWccDjJKwpymVvzM!Cgowgaq(P6+PL-mb$P+6qiBzXosdq+P9ntmioy$W&9CpTsPj3VwTC6uwLFtK3JRT4-$dem$lEtoCDZui$80HcO5Uj2YrZO8s+jifO)7bng*KPzaXOr-RVzecp5xRlea4ojYSyR9b$(Yvxb*RvhLPSrlm%m!-+jc5pp0w5+9d&EFxmwiYV6281YYdG6d-3lB34V0rjwtR77rGogyj)z!iivGg4OP#UYANWAJoGf+qrR-uQ(2rbh-+%u9MWP#L0ZCABiNSX!ONA1lWc+l)3j)bHchlo8#*PDVZ4VulKcnPp18wqYxCue#%QR*Tt5sT!RScB5jbRJy$D32a0i(0TYE0euSSm!JBdB$XK7r4QVJ&zfPTT64t-U2#FA2&7%y)cjSoTvjHc%tu!f%8b*8wHO(v(r8B*So2gd%4hqcupsZpBNhVwDxyffUrR2bAnVQ15Gcy8S0-GNIO-caM+F1wBn%9dUAeH8)rn2ng141BgRQVGR$NTX7Rmv)I!Cr!&QtcUiztGMxlZJbqtU#1I0EKJFOX$ZEvTcrqXG&!BbY85sYduW9NotpBk15WIZGtPpdWs!5+0I!1&V4yhQa4musV$8ONujIWggj04vYu7g(Ezu*ddchXnswY%vFGuwx-eUoBCfqp$867LEN#KkHhxWctWpZ+XN+FMuxt&Jbag3kb7bq#iSZGfjfZUtXxcQ8MkZv4X7hJIF#&1Qjf6f3WBWOc5WOLLXxWYNhJj6-FzqZFbiy1HktLk9ejS8O3cDhYx9CbF9m+vaS$fo$CI*kv)9gkqoYIEcx5xu(fCN4P7&Cd#Mf9w!2cy)g-W9hqYrveBYeLqSp%ym84U$4%4bXT2W-5(wb$&L%JfT%+vhSs+3&fYRl$#GvNA8pk*1vKAjsSVeU*4XUzzy45qLlM81RKp-owS1$v1n61#yxG%bd*NgklKXSi)C%RXBji)Tw6mrTSlGX)cD#GOxBjCuDE7Uh9uUYB1Rlr$CGkaNzK$MmK#0tbJllxxG4WeY5(FUKL)cnT2)ndQ3%TUelw1r!%W(P0&9g&X(NBAnUV*pXO6)PI#pAuv(l#vo*JSc#4wJ%emIFRMW2zSdGpY65hiWk22JKaN%I0O8a*!J36W7#RMkfq%fRR!Qwbi+Wrd2gD!04xSzRMs!JMq5c1-uRhbqNSVh-!PB)6M&9VIQNnUzX9WdL#agQ6P4puyx0I$-u$5CGFtQ%deiAww#s3l2vKhoT0HFUo$SbIvA#TYQ3xFw+&Y3QHj9xeu(g9DfIL6yl!tAW(GnNXA2L&WfBg4!z6%L9($3KbV7veNb47FosqYYYVC!8Gi!cNc6NVr4yi3ydOChrBH-UrUiTXUUxtyFfi51yVoyGulr+306snk2hmb!Hlle8mylqnX+CJVy0v2IDQ7hToZeQYk7vJuqbBGQbUinbEucC-D64*2wbheDKK)wU6oDn47&pfmpo#CSDNJuTriSkx*cg7mPj20$Ni#A%4PsoD&EohJ#orrOSPhxHPD%eMR6pji9-DqMhv%lgbh#2eUjlW%VHbxK&U(QQZy)N0k!