单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Nonverbal Communication,Lecture 12,Learning Objectives,By the end of this lecture,students should be able to:,1.study some warm-up cases on nonverbal communication.,2.understand the definition and meanings of nonverbal communication.,prehend the functions of nonverbal communication.,4.grasp the characteristics of nonverbal communication.,5.discuss the relationship between nonverbal-communication,and culture.,Part One,Warm-up Cases,Case 1 Personal Space,Mark had moved from Denmark to Sydney.One day,at an evening party,a lady approached him,Mark showed his interest to talk with her.At first,the conversation went smoothly,but as it progressed,the lady seemed to step further and further away from Mark as he had been gradually moving closer to her.The lady obviously looked uncomfortable.As Mark was about to ask her more questions,she excused herself and went away to talk with others,leaving Mark standing alone and wondering why the talk had come to a sudden stop.,Case Analysis,The misunderstanding is caused by different perceptions about body distance.Because body distance varies with different people,different circumstances and different cultures.In Denmark,the intimate space is usually,20-30 cm,while such an occasion in Australia requires,40-50 cm,.The Dane is accustomed to a close distance while the Australian lady is comfortable with a great distance.That is why problem arises.,40-50 cm 20-30 cm,Case 2 Left in the Cold,Katherine found a job as an English teacher in a foreign language institute.One day,she made an appointment with Prof.Wang.When she arrived on time,Prof.Wang smiled at her and gestured her to sit down,for he was talking with another teacher.After five minutes,he ended his talk and focused his attention on her situation.Just as she was discussing,another Chinese teacher interrupted,Prof.Wang apologized to Katherine,and turned to talk with the Chinese teacher,leaving her in the cold,the American lady was impatient and frustrated.,Case Analysis,This is a typical cultural clash between Chinese and westerners.There is a great difference in the concept of appointment and behavior pattern in different cultures.To Americans,an appointment is a confirmation to meet at a precise time,both parties should respect the scheduled time,for they adhere time strictly.While Chinese view appointments in a flexible manner.They are causal about commitments.,Case 3 Trousers or Dresses?,Two Chinese teachers as English experts went to Korean university.They dressed in trousers and typical business clothes.Surprisingly,while exchanging a few formal remarks,the two Korean interpreters constantly observed the womens trousers.While talking,the two interpreters seemed to continue to study their trousers.At first,they thought that the Korean interpreters were too embarrassed to look straight in the eyes of ladies.Later this assumption was proved wrong.Chinese teachers remained a bit puzzled.,Case Analysis,There is a cultural difference between Chinese and Koreans on clothing habits.In Korea,females,with social status,esp.in high school or university all wear skirts with few exceptions.Only common citizens of low social status wear trousers.The Korean interpreters assumed that two Chinese university teachers should wear skirts.That is why they continued to look at the two Chinese womens trousers.,Case4 Gesture Issues of Famous Figures,Khrushchevs gesture,In 1959,Khrushchev visited USA.He gestured a V sign with one hand,with the other a fist.He intended to show his respect to the Americans.The next day,his gestures were interpreted as the victory of the Soviet Union over the US,causing a great political issue.,Why?,Case Analysis,Khrushchevs gesture,Gesture is the expressive movement of a part of the body,especially the hand and the head.Even though,people talk with their hands,what they mean depends on their culture.In 1959,Former Soviet Union had a cold war with the United States on,therefore a common gesture from Khrushchev may arouse Americans sensitive response in Camp David.,Cultural Background,1959,年,9,月,15,日以及,9,月,26,日至,27,日 艾森豪威尔和赫鲁晓夫先后在华盛顿和戴维营会晤，这也是美苏,1933,年建交后苏联领导人首次访问美国,1959,年,9,月,15,日 美苏戴维营会议,1959,年,9,月,15,日至,28,日，赫鲁晓夫访问美国，同美国总统艾森豪威尔在离华盛顿,100,公里的美国总统别墅戴维营举行了三天会谈，并发表了会谈公报。这是赫鲁晓夫上台以后，苏美两国首脑的第一次会晤。赫鲁晓夫在戴维营会谈中同艾森豪威尔就德国、柏林、裁军、美苏关系等问题进行了一系列讨论。苏联此后大肆宣扬“戴维营精神”，鼓吹苏美两国领导人坐在一起，人类历史就进入了新的转折点”。,但会后仅七个月，就发生美国,U-2,飞机入侵苏联的事件。苏联宣布取消对艾森豪威尔访苏的邀请，苏美关系趋于紧张，两国展开了新的争夺。在戴维营会谈前夕的,1959,年,6,月，苏联政府背信弃义片面撕毁了中苏双方签订的关于国防新技术的协定，拒绝向中国提供原子弹样品和生产原子弹的技术资料。,9,月,9,日，苏联塔斯社就中印边境争端发表声明，公开偏袒印度尼赫鲁政府，反对中国，作为赴美会谈的见面札。戴维营会谈刚刚结束，赫鲁晓夫就来到北京劝说中国“不要用武力去试探资本主义制度的稳定性”。,Case 5 Love vs.Language,Edith,an American beautiful and well-educated girl,teaches English in a Chinese university.Xiao Chen,a high school graduate,is a tall policeman who knows little English.Although Edith knows no Chinese at all,they came to know each other at a social gathering.Though they couldnt communicate verbally,they both felt a connection and bega