单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,-,*,第2021讲,非限定动词不定式,1,-,第2021讲 非限定动词不定式1-,非限定动词？,非限定动词又叫,非谓语动词,，包括,不定式、分词和动名词,。,非限定动词和限定动词的区别,不同点：,前者不能单独作谓语；不受主语人称和数量的限制；而限定动词的形式要和主语,人和数一致。,如；She,likes,to dance,.,They,like to dance,.,可以起名词、形容词、副词的作用。,如：,To see,is,to believe,.,The man,sitting,by her,is my teacher.,Seeing,the teacher,entering,the room,I stood up.,2,-,非限定动词？非限定动词又叫非谓语动词，包括不定式、分词和动名,相似点：,1.都可以带宾语。,如；,He,bought,a computer,.,He wanted,to,buy a computer,.,2.都可以由状语修饰。,如；,He,studies,very hard,in the college.,Studying,hard,you will pass the exam,.,3,-,相似点：3-,3.都有语态和时态的变化。,如：,He,has finished,his homework.（完成式）,Having finished,his homework,he went out.,The overpass,will be built there,.（被动）,The hospital,being built,will be completed next month.,4,-,3.都有语态和时态的变化。如：4-,不定式,不定式的概述,不定式的基本用法,不定式的特殊句型,5,-,不定式不定式的概述5-,不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由“,to+动词原形,”(to do)构成,动词不定式有动词和名词的特征。,不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语等成分，但不能单独作谓语。,不定式,6,-,不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由“to+动词原形”(to do),2不定式的时态和语态,7,-,2不定式的时态和语态7-,不定式的时态,现在时：不定式的一般现在时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词之后；,He seems to know this.,I hope to see you again.,8,-,不定式的时态现在时：不定式的一般现在时表示的动作，有时与谓语,进行时：表示正在发生的动作，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；,He seems to be eating something.,9,-,进行时：表示正在发生的动作，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；9,完成时：表示动作发生在谓语动词之前,I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.,He seems to have caught a cold.,10,-,完成时：表示动作发生在谓语动词之前10-,完成进行时：表示句子的主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，不定式的动作从过去某个时段发生一直持续到现在；,She is known to have been working in our company for more than twenty years.,11,-,完成进行时：表示句子的主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，不定式,不定式的语态,（2）不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式动作的承受者，不定式用被动语态,He asked,to be sent,to work in countryside.,Have you got a key to unlock the door?,key unlock the door,你有开门的钥匙吗？,（1）不定式所修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式用主动语态。,12,-,不定式的语态（2）不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式动作的承受者,不定式的否定形式,动词不定时的否定形式是在不定式符号前加not,The teacher warned the students not to cheat in the examinations.,She pretended not to see me when I passed by.,13,-,不定式的否定形式动词不定时的否定形式是在不定式符号前加not,不定式的基本用法：,作主语,作宾语,做补语,做表语,做定语,做状语,14,-,不定式的基本用法：作主语14-,不定式的语法功能,（1）作主语,To talk with him,is a great pleasure.,一般情况下，不定式（短语）作主语时，通常用形式主语“it”代替,It is a great pleasure,to talk with him,.,15,-,不定式的语法功能（1）作主语To talk with hi,注意,*,1、,动词不定式,作主语,时，,谓语,动词用 第,三,人称,单,数形式。例如,To get there by car,takes,a whole day.,To make a plan for our future,is,important.,16,-,注意*1、动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用 第三人称单数形,It 做形式主语，不定式作逻辑主语时一般有介词for,of等引导；,It is easy for me to do that.,It is very hard for him to study two languages.,17,-,It 做形式主语，不定式作逻辑主语时一般有介词for,of,当用it is+adj+of sb.To do sth 一般表示人物的品行和行为特征，its 后面多用表示主观情感和态度的形容词；,It is very kind of you to say this.,It is very rude of you to do this.,18,-,当用it is+adj+of sb.To do st,翻译：,你这样子对待女孩子是很粗鲁的。,It is very rude of you to do this to the girls.,It is very rude of you to treat girls like this.,19,-,翻译：你这样子对待女孩子是很粗鲁的。19-,辨析：,It is+adj of sb.To do sth,It is+adj for sb.To do sth,It is nice_ you.,It is hard_ you.,用介词后面的代词作主语，介词之前的形容词作表语，如果能组成句子就用of,否则就用for.,20,-,辨析：It is+adj of sb.To do sth,不定式作宾语的形容词常见的有：ready,eager,sure,glad,anxious,sorry,afraid,free,pleased,willing,此外还要注意一些,特殊疑问词+不定式,的形式（如：what to do,where to go），,作,tell,ask,know,show,等动词的宾语。,不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,pretend,learn,afford,need,I dont know,what to do,.,（2）作宾语,Would you like,to watch TV,?,21,-,不定式作宾语的形容词常见的有：ready,eager,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，,则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）,后置,，放在宾语补足语后面，,例如：,Marx found,it,important,to,study the situation in Russia,.,能带形式宾语的动词还有,think,believe,feel,consider,make等。,22,-,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，22-,不定式动词在介词,but,except,后面时，如果这些介词之前有,行为动词,do,的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。,1)She could do nothing,but,cry,.,2)I have no choice,but,to go,.,23,-,不定式动词在介词but,except,1)She,3.某些及物动词：,forget,mean remember,regret,try,go on,等可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语，但表达的意思不同,I forget to bring my homework.,I forget opening the windows.,I mean“,I didnt bring my homework,.”,I mean“,I have opened the windows,.”,24,-,3.某些及物动词：forget,mean remember,6.,wish,hope,plan,be,mean+to have done/had wished.+to do,表示原打算干却没能办到,1.,I,had meant to go,to Shanghai yesterday,but was delayed by the bad weather.,2.-Why didnt you come to my birthday party?,-I,d like to have,but I had an unexpected guest.,25,-,6.wish,hope,plan,be,mean,在had better,had best,would rather,would ratherthan,would sooner,cannot but,cannot help but等结构后直接跟动词原形或“not+动词原形”。,e.g.:Youd better,listen to,your teachers opinion,.,He cannot but,move to another street,.,We cannot help but,admire his courage,.,He always prefers to ride a bicycle rather than,ride on a crowded bus,.,26,-,在had better,had best,would r,（3）作表语（表将来时）,My plan is,to finish the experiment,on time.,（4）作宾补,I asked him,to come,to my office.,注意不定式的省略,hear,see,watch,notice,等感官动词后的省略,I heard her,sing,this song.,have,let,make,三个使役动词后的省略,I made him,stand,outside.,这两类省略的不定式一旦变成被动语态，不定式要补充完整.,She,was heard to,.,He,was made to,.,27,-,（3）作表语（表将来时）My plan is to fin,动词不定式作宾补省略to,口诀,不定式省to十一个，,五“看”二“听”一“感觉”，,三个“使役”紧挨着，,如若主动变被动，,符号to千万别省略。,28,-,动词不定式作宾补省略to口诀28-,（5）作定语,动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词,或代词后。,I have a meeting,to attend.,注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词