,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,相对论验证实验,用快速电子验证相对论效应,Presented by 唐昊,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,相对论验证实验用快速电子验证相对论效应All Rights,1,历史背景,经典力学中的“绝对时间”和“绝对空间”,20世纪初叶，人们发现一些现象与经典力学的一些概念和定律相抵触,经典力学陷入了无法解决的困境,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,历史背景经典力学中的“绝对时间”和“绝对空间”All Rig,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tan,历史背景,1905 年，爱因斯坦提出了狭义相对论。,这一理论描述了一种新的时空观，认为时间和空间是相互联系的，而且时间的流逝和空间的延拓也与物质和运动有不可分割的联系。,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,历史背景1905 年，爱因斯坦提出了狭义相对论。All Ri,爱因斯坦,的质能公式,按照爱因斯坦的狭义相对论，在洛伦兹变换下，静止质量为,m,0,、速度为,v,的质点，其动量应为,相对论能量E为,E,=,mc,2,这就是著名的质能公式,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,爱因斯坦的质能公式按照爱因斯坦的狭义相对论，在洛伦兹变换下，,爱因斯坦的狭义相对论,mc,2,是运动物体的总能量，物体静止时的能量,E,=,m,0,c,2,称为静止能量，两者之差为物体的动能,E,k,，即,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,爱因斯坦的狭义相对论mc2 是运动物体的总能量，物体静止时的,相对论与经典力学的比较,经典力学：,相对论：,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,相对论与经典力学的比较经典力学：All Rights Res,pc,-,E,k,曲线,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,pc-Ek 曲线All Rights Reserved By,实验方法,为了测得电子的动能和动量，本实验采用半圆聚焦,磁谱仪,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,实验方法为了测得电子的动能和动量，本实验采用半圆聚焦磁谱仪,实验方法,动量：,f,=,evB,=,mv,2,/,R,p,=,mv,=,eBR,动能：,NaI(Tl)单晶,g,闪烁谱仪,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,实验方法动量：All Rights Reserved By,能量吸收修正,在计算,-粒子的动能时，需要对粒子穿过铝膜（厚度约220,m,m，NaI（Tl）,晶体的铝膜密封层）时的动能予以修正。,真空室的有机塑料薄膜对电子存在一定的能量吸收，也应进行修正,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,能量吸收修正在计算-粒子的动能时，需要对粒子穿过铝膜（,线性插值法修正能量（铝膜）,E,i,(MeV),E,f,(MeV),E,i,(MeV),E,f,(MeV),0.317,0.200,1.184,1.100,0.360,0.250,1.239,1.150,0.404,0.300,1.286,1.200,0.451,0.350,1.333,1.250,0.497,0.400,1.388,1.300,0.545,0.450,1.435,1.350,0.595,0.500,1.489,1.400,0.640,0.550,1.536,1.450,0.690,0.600,1.583,1.500,0.740,0.650,1.638,1.550,0.790,0.700,1.685,1.600,0.840,0.750,1.740,1.650,0.887,0.800,1.787,1.700,0.937,0.850,1.834,1.750,0.988,0.900,1.889,1.800,1.039,0.950,1.936,1.850,1.090,1.000,1.991,1.900,1.137,1.050,2.038,1.950,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,线性插值法修正能量（铝膜）Ei(MeV)Ef(MeV)Ei(,线性插值法修正能量（有机塑料膜）,E,i,(MeV),E,f,(MeV),E,i,(MeV),E,f,(MeV),0.382,0.365,1.173,1.166,0.581,0.571,1.367,1.360,0.777,0.770,1.567,1.557,0.973,0.966,1.752,1.747,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,线性插值法修正能量（有机塑料膜）Ei(MeV)Ef(MeV),实验内容,用,137,Cs、,60,Co定标,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,实验内容用137Cs、60Co定标All Rights Re,实验内容,选择实验条件,测定,b,-,能谱,移动探测器，测不同运动轨道半径的电子的动量和能量,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,实验内容选择实验条件All Rights Reserved,实验数据 定标,放射源,道数CH,对应能量E/MeV,137,Cs,87,0.184,315,0.662,60,Co,552,1.170,634,1.330,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,实验数据 定标放射源道数CH对应能量E/MeV137Cs87,实验数据,b,-,能谱,编号,CH,E/MeV,2R/cm,计数,1,142,0.421,18.3,2011,2,259,0.645,20.7,1949,3,374,0.885,23.2,1719,4,492,1.132,25.7,1354,5,611,1.382,28.2,899,6,722,1.617,30.7,647,7,842,1.869,33.2,290,8,956,2.110,35.7,505,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,实验数据 b-能谱编号CHE/MeV2R/cm计数11420,数据处理,编号,pct,相对论理论值,等效磁场,均匀磁场,pc,相对误差/%,pc,相对误差/%,1,0.779,0.778,0.2,0.787,0.9,2,1.037,1.010,2.6,1.014,2.2,3,1.299,1.250,3.8,1.251,3.7,4,1.562,1.491,4.5,1.488,4.7,5,1.823,1.739,4.6,1.725,5.4,6,2.066,1.979,4.2,1.962,5.0,7,2.325,2.220,4.5,2.199,5.4,8,2.571,2.459,4.4,2.435,5.3,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,数据处理编号pct等效磁场均匀磁场pc相对误差/%pc相对误,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tan,误差分析,等效磁场法优于均匀磁场法,误差在高能处比较显著,空气的影响,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,误差分析等效磁场法优于均匀磁场法All Rights Res,The EndQ&A Time!,All Rights Reserved By Jay Tang 06OSE,The EndQ&A Time!All Rights Re,