,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,University of International Business and Economics Press,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,英美国家概况,The United States of America,Unit,13,Economy,The United States of America,Think about these questions before we start:,1.How do you understand this economists proverb“When the United States sneezes,the rest of the world catches a cold.?,2.What is the U.S.economic system like?Can you list any advantages and disadvantages of this system?,3.What role does the USA government play in the U.S.economy?,Warming-up Activities,Contents,General,Introduction,U.S.Economic System,What the Economy,Produces,Unemployment,Income Inequality,The Role of Government,Foreign Trade,Creative Destruction,General Introduction,Ranking,Country,millions of Dollars,1,United States,15,094,025,2,China,7,298,147,3,Japan,5,869,471,4,Germany,3,577,031,5,France,2,776,324,Gross Domestic Product 2021,2021 GDP per capita,Ranking,Country,millions of Dollars,1,Luxembourg,108,832,2,Norway,84,444,3,Qatar,76,168,4,Switzerland,67,246,5,United Arab Emirates,59,717,6,Denmark,56,147,7,Australia,55,590,8,Sweden,48,875,9,The United States,47,284,10,the Netherlands,47,172,93,China,4,382,USthe current industrial,economic and technological giant,ranking first in computer technology,space technology,nuclear energy,and electronics,etc.;,producing a major portion of the worlds machinery,automobiles,oil,electrical energy,and chemicals.,Mixed economy,emphasizing private ownership,federal governmentregulating businesses,anti-trust laws,General Introduction,Private businesses produce most goods and services.,Two thirds of the output goes to individuals;,One third is bought by government and business.,“Consumer economy,General Introduction,General Introduction,1.the vast dimensions and ample natural resources,2.a remarkable mobility in the American population-a mobility that contributes a useful flexibility to business life.,3.entrepreneurial spirit:two contrary views:pleasing God;material acquisitiveness,Why is the United States of America so affluent?,Question for discussion,General Introduction,3.a variety of institutional factors:the founders of Americas political institutions sought to limit governmental powers while widening opportunities for individual initiative;The relative reluctance of American political leaders to intervene in economic activities gave great freedom to market forces.,One result,was a rapid accumulation of capital,which could then be used to produce further growth.,II U.S.Economic System,Questions for discussion:,What does aneconomicsystem refer to,?,Does the U.S.A.have a market or planned or mixed economy,?,II U.S.Economic System,Aneconomicsystemrefers to the laws and institutions in a nation that determine who owns economic resources,how people buy and sell those resources,and how the production process makes use of resources in providing goods and services.,II U.S.Economic System,The United States has a mixed economy.That is,it does not have a pure market economy,and the government plays an important role in the national economy.,III What the Economy Produces,Please name the following U.S.-made products.,III What the Economy Produces,Agricultures share of the U.S.economy has dropped steadily for centuries.,The United States remains the worlds second biggest producer of crops and livestock,behind China and ahead of India,Brazil and Russia.,III What the Economy Produces,In 2021 the four largest U.S.industries chemicals,computers and electronic products,fabricated metal products and food accounted for 44 percent of U.S.factory output.,U.S.manufacturing has long faced strong competition from industrialized European economies and Japan and now faces even more challenges from rapidly emerging economies.,III What the Economy Produces,Since the 1950s,the services sector has dominated the U.S.economy.Even after the 2021-2021 financial crisis,finance,insurance and real estate accounted for more than 21 percent of GDP.,IV Unemployment,unemployment:not being able to find a job despite actively looking for work for at least 30 consecutive days.,The highest U.S.unemployment rate of the 20th century occurred in 1933,when the Great Depression left almost 25 percent of the labor force without work.,Three major kinds of unemployment:frictional,cyclical,and structural.,IV Unemployment,Structuralunemployment occurs when people who are looking for jobs do not have the education or skills to fill the jobs that are currently available.,Cyclicalunemployment occurs when the economy goes into a recession.The basic causes of cyclical unemployment are decreases in the levels of consumption,investment,or government spending in the economy,or a decrease in the demand for goods and services exported to other countries.,Frictionalunemployment occurs as a result of labor mobi