单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语句子概论,英语句子概论,基本成分,附属成分,独立成分,省略成分,连接成分,简单句,并列句,复合句,主语 不及物动词 （,S+Vi,）,主语 及物动词 宾语,(,S+,Vt,+O),主语 系动词 表,(,S+LV+predicative),主语双宾动词,+,间宾,+,直宾,(,S+,Vt,+O.,indir,+O.,dir,),主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语,(,S+,Vt,.+O+O.,compl,),There+be/stand/lie/live.,简单句的五种基本句型,主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为,基本句子成分,。,完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分,。,noun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-ing,V-ed,etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语,宾补,表语,宾语(间),宾语(直),Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun/Pronoun,The+adj,V-ing/Clause,Infinitive,Noun/Pronoun/,The+adj,V-ing/Clause/Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be/feel/seem/look,appear/stand/lie,become/get/grow/turn,go/come/remain/keep,taste/smell etc.,noun,pronoun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-ing/V-ed,clause,etc.,主语 不及物动词,She came/My head aches.,主语 及物动词 宾语,She likes English.,主语 系动词 主语补语,She is happy,主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语,She gave John a book,She bought a book for me.,主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语,She makes her mother angry,The teacher asked me to read the passage.,There+be,There lies a book on the desk.,简单句基本句型实例,附属成分,基本成分的修饰语。可以是：,定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句,状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。,定 语,Poor,John tottered toward a hospital,nearby,She likes oranges,imported from the USA,.,John gave Mary,many,books，,which are full of illustrations,Have you seen the book,on the desk,?,The boy,playing over there,is my brother.,People,there,like sports.,John,often,came,to chat with me,John likes oranges,very much,Whenever he gets drunk,，John makes Mary very angry,Hearing the news,he jumped,with joy,.,As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.,She is sitting,at the desk,doing her homework,.,My father worked,in this school,ten years ago,.,Youd better stay,here,.,状 语,Examples:,Oh,！,What is that！（惊叹词）,He has，,alas,，,failed again,Come here，,John,（呼语）,Roll on，,Ocean,，roll on,句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他词没有语法的关系。,独立成分,（You）,Come here,（I wish you）,Good luck！,Some gave him praises，but others,（gave him）,rotten eggs,He runs as fast as,if,(he does),not,(run),faster,than you.,(I),Hope you like it.,John should clean the room today and Peter,(should clean it),tomorrow.,句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思：,省略成分,连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做,并列连词,。,另一类连接成分是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子从属于另一个句子（即从句）的连词。这类连词叫,从属连词,。从属连词主要用于引导各种从句。,一个完整的句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其他的句子成分。,连接成分,简单句,简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种作用中的一种。,作一种陈述,提出一个问题,发出一种命令或请求,表示一种感叹,Examples:,The boy hit the dog./The dog bit the boy.,The girl read the books./The books pleased the girl.,Stephen apologized at once.,Does the shop close at 7 tonight?,Shut the door.,What a slow train this is!,简单句的基本词序,主语动词部分宾语 状语,（谓语）方式地点时间,Iboughta hat yesterday.,The children ran home.,The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.,We ate our meal in silence.,The car stopped suddenly.,A young girl walked confidently in the room.,They drove him away in a police car.,简单句的扩展成份,简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。,I bought a rain coat,with a warm lining,.,The dog jumped,through the window,.,He is saving up,to buy a mobile phone,.,A,bright little,boy,with rosy cheeks,put,three bottles of,milk,quietly,on my doorstep,before seven oclock,.,He worked,like a madman,in the garden,on Saturday,.,The,young,girl,with long black hair,seems to be very happy.,两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also,等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。,The boss,is flying,to Paris.His secretary,is flying,to Paris.,The boss,and,his secretary,are flying,to Paris,.,Both,the boss,and,his secretary,are flying,to Paris,.,The boss,is flying,to Rome.His secretary,is not flying,to Rome.,The boss,but not,his secretary,is flying,to Rome,.,The boss,may be flying,to Berlin.His secretary,may be flying,to Berlin.,Either,the boss,or,his secretary,is flying to,Berlin.,The boss,is not flying,to York.His secretary,isnt flying,to York.,Neither,the boss,nor,his secretary,is flying,to York,.,主语、谓语、宾语的合并,两个简单句的宾语可由and、bothand,等连词连接组成一个简单句。,I met Jane.I met her husband.,I met Jane,and,her husband.,I met,both,Jane,and,her husband,.,It was cold.It was wet.,It was,cold and wet,.,I didnt meet Jane.I didnt meet her husband.,I didnt meet,either,Jane,or,her husband.,I met,neither,Jane,nor,her husband,.,两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。,We,sang,all night.We,danced,all night.,We,sang and danced,all night.,主语、谓语、宾语的合并,并列句,需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用,并列连词,连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。,用分号：,We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.,用分号，后跟一个连接副词：,We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thing.,用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet,等）,We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a thing.,并列句,常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词:,转折并列连词：,因果并列连词:,选择并列连词:,and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor,and then,but,however,while,yet,for,so,or,eitheror,neither nor,并列句,并列句的词序：,并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序。,主语 谓语 宾语 连词 主语 动词 表语,Jimmy fell off his bike but (he)wasnt hurt.,五种简单句型可用,并列连词,连接起来组成并列句。,主 谓 状（方式）连 主 谓 表,Frank worked hard and (he)became an architect.,主 谓 宾 连 主 谓 地点,I ve got a cold,so I m going to bed.,主 谓 宾 宾补 连 主 谓 宾,They made him chairman,but(they)didnt increase his salary.,Exercis