单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Europe Culture,An Introduction,2,The Bible and Christianity,Bible,The Old Testament,Rise of Christianity,The New Testament,Translation of the Bible,Bible:a collection of religious writings comprising two parts:the Old Testament and the New Testament.,The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God.,The New Testament is about the doctrine(教义)of Jesus Christ.,The word“Testament means“agreement，the agreement between God and Man.,/,Introduction,Christianity is by far the most influential religion in the west,touching every section of westerners lives.Judeo-Christian culture is one of the two main influences on western culture and Christianity springs from Judaism.Both religions originate in Palestine which was a hub of migration and trade routes which led to the quick spread of Judeo-Christian ideas.,It is essential for students of any aspect of European culture and influence to have knowledge of the Bible.The Bible is constantly referred to in most western art and in common western sayings.Without knowing the stories of the Bible it is impossible to understand western culture.,Around 3,800 years ago the Hebrews who were the ancestors of the Jews wandered through the deserts as traveling merchants until C.1300 BC when they settled in Canaan(modern day Israel/Palestine).,The Hebrews history and stories were handed down by word of mouth until it was later recorded in what the Jewish call the Torah but for Christians it is referred to as the Old Testament of the Bible.,Michelangelo Buonarroti 14751564,The Creation of Adam(Genesis 1:27),Noahs Ark,According to Genesis 1,God created the world in 6 days:,The First Day.Light.,Gen 1:3-5,Then God said,Let there be light;and there was light.And God saw the light,that it was good;and God divided the light from the darkness.God called the light Day,and the darkness He called Night.So the evening and the morning were the first day.,The Second Day.The Firmament,Gen 1:6-8,Then God said,Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters,and let it divide the waters from the waters.Thus God made the firmament,and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament;and it was so.And God called the firmament Heaven.So the evening and the morning were the second day.,The firmament here refers to the atmospheric heaven where the clouds are as well as the celestial heaven where the stars are.,The Third Day.Land and Vegetation,Gen 1:9-13,Then God said,Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together into one place,and let the dry land appear;and it was so.And God called the dry land Earth,and the gathering together of the waters He called Seas.And God saw that it was good.Then God said,Let the earth bring forth grass,the herb that yields seed,and the fruit tree that yields fruit according to its kind,whose seed is in itself,on the earth;and it was so.And the earth brought forth grass,the herb that yields seed according to its kind,and the tree that yields fruit,whose seed is in itself according to its kind.And God saw that it was good.So the evening and the morning were the third day,The Fourth Day.The Sun,Moon,and Stars,Gen 1:14-19,Then God said,Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to divide the day from the night;and let them be for signs and seasons,and for days and years;and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth;and it was so.Then God made two great lights:the greater light to rule the day,and the lesser light to rule the night.He made the stars also.God set them in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth,and to rule over the day and over the night,and to divide the light from the darkness.And God saw that it was good.So the evening and the morning were the fourth day.,The Fifth Day.Sea Animals,and Birds,Gen 1:20-23,Then God said,Let the waters abound with an abundance of living creatures,and let birds fly above the earth across the face of the firmament of the heavens.So God created great sea creatures and every living thing that moves,with which the waters abounded,according to their kind,and every winged bird according to its kind.And God saw that it was good.And God blessed them,saying,Be fruitful and multiply,and fill the waters in the seas,and let birds multiply on the earth.So the evening and the morning were the fifth day.,The Sixth Day.Land Animals,and Man,Gen 1:24-31,Then God said,Let the earth bring forth the living creature according to its kind:cattle and creeping thing and beast of the earth,each according to its kind;and it was so.And God made the beast of the earth according to its kind,cattle according to its kind,and everything that creeps on the earth according to its kind.And God saw that it was good.,Then God said,Let Us make man in Our image,according to Our likeness;let them have dominion over the fish of the sea,over the birds of the air,and over the cattle,over all the earth and over ev