单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语总复习语法系列训练,名词性从句,第1页,第1页,一、引导名词性从句连接词,在句子中起名词作用句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句功效相称于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此依据它在句中不同语法功效，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,引导名词性从句,连接词,可分为三类：,连接词：,that,whether,if(,不充当从句任何成份）,连接代词：,what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.,连接副词：,when,where,how,why,不可省略连词：,1.介词后连词,2.引导主语从句和同位语从句连词不可省略。,That she was chosen,made us very happy.,We heard the news,that our team had won,.,第2页,第2页,whether,与,if,均为“是否”意思。,但在下列情况下，,whether,不能被,if,所取代：,1.,whether,引导主语从句（包括从句在句首位置）应当用,whether，,不用,if，,如：,Whether it is true,remains a problem.,Whether he will come,I am not sure.,2.引导表语从句用,whether，,不用,if，,如：,The question is,whether you should accept it,.,3.,whether,能够引导从句作介词宾语，而,if,则不能，如：,Im not interested in,whether theyll go or not,.,It depends on,whether we have got enough money,.,4.,whether,能够直接跟动词不定式连用，而,if,则不能，如：,I didnt know,whether to laugh or to cry,.,She hasnt decided,whether to go or not,.,5.,引导同位语从句用,whether，,不用,if，,如：,The question,whether hell attend the meeting,is vital.,大部分连接词引导主语从句都可置于句末，用,it,充当形式主语。,It is not important who will go.,第3页,第3页,二、名词性,that-,从句,1）由从属连词,that,引导从句叫做名词性,that-,从句。,that,只起连接主句和从句作用，在从句中不担任任何成份，本身也没有词义。,名词性,that-,从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，比如：,主语：,That he is still alive,is sheer luck.,宾语：,John said,that he was leaving for London on Wednesday,.,表语：,The fact is,that he has not been seen recently,.,同位语：,The fact,that he has not been seen recently,disturbs everyone in his office.,形容词宾语：,I am glad,that you are satisfied with your job,.,2）,that-,从句作主语通惯用,it,作先行词，而将,that-,从句置于句末，比如：,It is quite clear,that the whole project is doomed to failure,.,Its a pity,that you should have to leave,.,第4页,第4页,a.It+be+,形容词+,that-,从句,It is necessary that,有必要,It is important that,主要是,It is obvious that,很明显,b.It+be+-ed,分词+,that-,从句,It is believed that,人们相信,It is well known that,从所周知,It has been decided that,已决定,c.It+be+,名词+,that-,从句,It is common knowledge that,是常识,It is a surprise that,令人惊奇是,It is a fact that,事实是,d.It+,不及物动词+,that-,分句,It appears that,似乎,It happens that,恰巧,It occurred to me that,我忽然想起,用 it 作形式主语that-从句有以下四种不同搭配关系：,第5页,第5页,三、名词性,wh-,从句,1）由,wh-,词引导名词从句叫做名词性,wh-,从句。,wh-,词包括,who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever,等连接代词和,where,when,how,why,等连接副词。,wh-,从句语法功效除了和,that-,从句同样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，比如：,主语：,How the book will sell,depends on its author.,直接宾语：,Dont put off,what you can do today,till tomorrow.,间接宾语：,The club will give,whoever wins,a prize.,表语：,My question is,who will take over the president.,宾语补足语：,She will name him,whatever she wants to,.,同位语：,I have no idea,when he will return,.,形容词宾语：,Im not sure,why she refused their invitation.,介词宾语：,That depends on,where we shall go,.,2）,wh-,从句作主语也惯用先行词,it,做形式主语，而将,wh-,从句置于句末，比如：,It is not yet decided,who will do that job,.,第6页,第6页,四、,if,whether,引导名词从句,1）,yes-no,型疑问从句,从属连词,if,whether,引导名词从句是由普通疑问句或选择疑问转化而来，因此也分别被称为,yes-no,型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功效和,wh-,从句功效相同，比如：,主语：,Whether the plan is feasible,remains to be proved.,宾语：,Let us know,whether/if you can finish the article before Friday,.,表语：,The point is,whether we should lend him the money,.,同位语：,They are investigating the question,whether the man is trustworthy,.,形容词宾语：,Shes doubtful,whether we shall be able to come,.,介词宾语：,I worry about,whether he can pass the exams,.,2）选择性疑问从句,选择性疑问从句由关联词,if/whetheror,或,whetheror not,构成,如,:,Please tell me,whether/if they are Swedish or Danish,.,I dont care,whether you like the plan or not,.,第7页,第7页,五、否 定 转 移,1)将,think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,等动词后面宾语从句否认词转移到主句中，即主句谓语动词用否认式，而从句谓语动词用必定式。,I dont think I know you.,我想我并不结识你。,I don t believe he will come.,我相信他不回来。,注意,：,若谓语动词为,hope,宾语从句中否认词不能转移。,I hope you werent ill.,我想你没有生病吧。,2)将,seem,appear,等后从句否认转移到前面。,It doesnt seem that they know where to go.,It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow.,3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句否认转变为对谓语动词否认。,I dont remember having ever seen such a man.,我记得从未见过这样一个人。(,not,否认动名词短语,having),4)有时状语或状语从句中否认能够转移到谓语动词前。,The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(,否认状语),第8页,第8页,1.,It now appears _ they are in need of help.,A.that B.which C.what D.how,2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days.,A.which B.what C.that D.how,3.It _ Joe drives badly.,A.thought that B.thinks that,C.is thought which D.is thought that,4.It _ he is late for class.,A.may that B.might that,C.may be that D.might be what,5.,This is _ she was born.,A.where B.which C.that D.what,6.The question is _ we cant go there today.,A.that B.what C.which D.when,第9页,第9页,7.The question is _ it is worth doing.,A.if B.whether C.which D.what,8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.,A.because B.why C.that D.what,9.,My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields.,A.what B.that C.which D.where,10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain.,A.build B.will build C.be built D.will be built,11.My advice is that he _ regular house.,A.keep B.would keep C.keeps D.kept,12._ knows the truth will tell you a