,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Unit 3,Supply and Demand,Warm-up Activities,I.Pair works,Supply and demand are two important factors in business.What do you know about them?Think and talk about their functions in business today with partners.,II.Group work,Work in small groups,discussing the factors that can influence the relationship between supply and demand.,III,Think about and then make a list of the information you know about supply and demand in the world today.,Background Information,A market is defined as a group of buyers and sellers of a particular product or service.Competitive markets are markets with many buyers and sellers,so that each has a very small influence on the price.Supply and demand is the most useful model for a competitive market,and shows how buyers(citizens)and sellers(businesses)interact in that market.,The demand for a product is the amount that buyers are willing and able to purchase.Quantity demanded is the demand at a particular price,and is represented as the demand curve.The supply of a product is the amount that producers are willing and able to bring to the market for sale.Quantity supplied is the amount offered for sale at a particular price.The main determinant of supply/demand is the price of the product.,Notes of Text,1.economic equilibrium:In economics,economic equilibrium is a state of the world where economic forces are balanced and in the absence of external influences the(equilibrium)values of economic variables will not change.It is the point at which quantity demanded and quantity supplied are equal.经济平衡,2.marginal utility:In economics,the marginal utility of a good or service is the utility gained(or lost)from an increase(or decrease)in the consumption of that good or service.边限效用,3.opportunity cost:the cost of an alternative that must be forgone in order to pursue a certain action.Put another way,the benefits you could have received by taking an alternative action.时机本钱,Text analysis,1.It concludes that in a competitive market,the unit price for a particular good will vary until it settles at a point where the quantity demanded by consumers(at current price)will equal the quantity supplied by producers(at current price),resulting in an economic equilibrium of price and quantity.,它认为在市场竞争的环境中，一件商品的价格会不断的波动，直到客户的需求和供给商的供给到达平衡，从而得到价格和数量的经济平衡。,vary,vi.变化；变异；违反,vt.改变；使多样化；变奏,例：I can vary the speed at will.,我可以随意改变速度。,You can use the slider to vary this probability.,您可以用调节滑块来改变这个概率。,Cherries vary in colour from almost black to yellow.,樱桃的颜色由近乎黑到黄各不相同。,Phrase,vary with 随而变化,vary from 不同,vary in 在方面变化；在方面有差异,vary in size 大小不同,equilibrium,n.,均衡；平静；保持平衡的能力,例：,So I release it at the,equilibrium,.,我在平衡状态，释放物体。,Because now we know this is an,equilibrium,problem.,因为现在我们知道这是一个平衡问题。,But we know thermodynamics is all about,equilibrium,.,但我们知道热力学都是关于平衡的。,Phrase,phase equilibrium,相平衡，相位平衡,dynamic equilibrium,动态平衡；动力平衡,equilibrium state,平衡态,nash equilibrium,纳什均衡,equilibrium point,平衡点,Text analysis,2.Although it is normal to regard the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied as functions of the price of the good,the standard graphical representation,usually attributed to Alfred Marshall,has price on the vertical axis and quantity on the horizontal axis,the opposite of the standard convention for the representation of a mathematical function.,尽管我们通常认为需求的数量和供给的数量是决定价格的因素，但在阿尔弗雷德马歇尔创立的标准图示中，我们用垂直轴表示价格，水平轴表示数量，这正好和传统的数学曲线图相反。,graphical,adj.图解的；绘画的；生动的,例：So,while you can use the keyboard to delete characters,use the graphical buttons to add them.,所以，虽然您可以使用键盘删除字符，但还是要用图形按钮添加它们。,This,along with the custom tags and templates,separates the graphical presentation of the application from the processing.,利用定制标记和模板，这样可以将应用程序的图形表示层和处理分隔开来。,In order for you to administer these different resources,the appliance provides both a graphical user interface and a command line interface.,为了帮助您管理这些不同的资源，该设备提供了一个图形用户界面和一个命令行界面。,Phrase,graphical method,数,图解法；,数,图示法；,数,图表法；描计法,graphical display,计,图形显示；温度曲线显示；信息图形；图像,graphical model,图模式；图模型；图形模型,graphical analysis,图解分析；图形分析；图象分析；图解分析法,graphical output,图形输出,graphical displays,图形显示器,graphical illustration,图解积分法,graphical computation,图解计算,graphical input,图形输入；图形输入输出,attribute,n.属性；特质,vt.归属；把归于,例：This attribute should be set to any string that you want displayed in the status bar.,您可以为这个属性设置为在状态栏中想要显示的任意字符串。,If the part element has an element attribute,then you have to step to the element to see whether the type is simple or complex.,如果这个局部元素具有一个元素属性，那么您就不得不进入到元素中去查看类型是简单的或是复杂的。,Some developers insist that attribute information should be metadata,namely information about the data,and not the data itself.,一些开发者坚持认为属性信息应该是元数据，即关于数据的信息，而不是数据本身。,phrase,attribute data 属性资料数据,attribute value 属性值,attribute name 属性名称,product attribute 产品属性,physical attribute 身体素质；物理属性,vertical,adj.垂直的，直立的；解剖 头顶的，顶点的,n.垂直线，垂直面,例：The vertical lift is 20 feet.,举起的垂直高度是 20 英尺。,For the effect,you need to specify a size,with t