单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,大学英语跨文化交际,Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns,Questions for Chapter 5,How do you distinguish elaborate,exacting,and succinct styles?,Which interpretation of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis do you think is more believable,the linguistic determinist or the linguistic relativity?,Can you give one example of words in English that were imported into Chinese along with their cultural values?,Questions for Chapter 6,Why do you think non-verbal communication is important?,Can you recall five categories of non-verbal communication and provide a short explanation after each category?,What are the functions of non-verbal communication?,Cultural Patterns,Beliefs,Values,Human,-,Nature,Person-Nature,Components,Edward T Halls,Context-Culture Theory,Kluckhohn and Strodtbecks Value Orientation,Definition,Norms,Social Practices,Time,Activity,Relational,Individualism and Collectivism,Uncertainty Avoidance,Power distance,Masculinity Femininity,High-context,Low-context,Ways of Thinking,Ways of Acting,Hofstedes Dimensions of Cultural,Variability,Chapter 7,Cultural Patterns,1.Ways of thinking,Cultural patterns are shared mental programs that govern specific behavior choices.,.,2.Ways of acting,Cultural patterns are not so much consciously taught as unconsciously experienced as a by-product of day-to-day activities.,Text A:Defining cultural patterns,Chapter 7,Cultural Patterns,Text B:Components of Cultural Patterns,Chapter,7 Cultural Patterns,Cultural patterns,Social Practices,Norms,Beliefs,Values,A belief is an idea that people assume to be true about the world.,For example:,1)a widely shared belief dates back to the time when Europeans believed that the earth was flat,2)a belief for many European Americans is that in“reality there is a separation between the physical and spiritual worlds.,Beliefs,Chapter 7,Cultural Patterns,Values,Values involve what a culture regards as good or bad,right or wrong,fair or unfair,just or unjust,beautiful or ugly,clean or dirty,valuable or worthless,appropriate or inappropriate,and kind or cruel.,Chapter 7,Cultural Patterns,Norms,Norms are the socially shared expectations of appropriate behaviors.,Norms may change over a period of time,whereas beliefs and values tend to be much more enduring.,Chapter 7,Cultural Patterns,Social Practices,Social practices are the predictable behavior patterns that members of a culture typically follow.Thus,social practices are the outward manifestations of beliefs,values,and norms.,Chapter 7,Cultural Patterns,Text C:Edward T.Halls Context-culture theory,1The definition of context:,“the information that surrounds an event;it is inextricably bound up with the meaning of the event.,2Categorization of high-context culture and low-context culture depending on the degree to which meaning comes from the settings or from the words being exchanged.,Chapter 7,Cultural Patterns,High-context culture,High context(HC)cultures prefer to use high-context messages in which most of the meaning is either implied by the physical setting or presumed to be part of the individuals internalized beliefs,values,norms and social practices;very little is provided in the coded,explicit,transmitted part of the message.,Tea Ceremony,Chapter 7,Cultural Patterns,High-context culture,An,example,of high-context communication is interactions that take place in a long-term relationship between two people who are often able to interpret even the slightest gesture or the briefest comment.The message does not need to be stated explicitly because it is carried in the shared understanding about the relationship.,Chapter 7,Cultural Patterns,Low-context culture,Low context(LC)cultures prefer to use low-context messages,in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code.,An American standing on chair in restaurant,giving speech at his leaving his hometown,Chapter 7,Cultural Patterns,Low-context culture,An example of low-context communication is now experienced by more and more people as they interact with computers.For computers to“understand a message,every statement must be precise.Many computers will not accept or respond to instructions that do not have every space,period,letter and number in precisely the right location.The message must be overt and very explicit.,Chapter 7,Cultural Patternsq,Cultures Arranged Along the High-Context and Low-Context Dimension,High-Context Cultures,Japanese,Chinese,Korean,African American,Native American,Arab,Greek,Latin,Italian,English,French,American,Scandinavian,German,German-Swiss,Lower-Context Cultures,Chapter 7,Cultural Patterns,Whats the,values,reflected in the following proverbs,?,Blood is thicker than water.,Time is money.,A mans house is his castle.,The early bird catches the worm.,人之初，性本善。,天人感应。,一人得道，鸡犬升天。,以人为鉴，可以明得失；以史为鉴，可以知兴替。,Chapter 7,Cultural Patterns,Hindu ethics,1.Human-nature orientation,2.Person-nature orientation,3.Time orientation,4.Activity orientation,5.Relational orientation,Text D:,Kluckhohn and Strod