单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The Usage of,Absolute Structure,part I,独立结构的用法（一）,The Usage of Absolute Structu,review some key words,subject主语；predicate谓语；,non-finite非谓语；noun 名词;,present participle现在分词;,past participle过去分词;infinitive不定式;continuous 进行式；active主动的；passive 被动的,review some key wordssubject主语,What is,absolute structure,?,1.Going eastward,you,ll pass mountains.,2.Seen from the hill,the city looks more beautiful.,3.To order a car,you have to pay a deposit(押金).,4.Time permitting,we will go for a picnic tomorrow.,5.Work done,we went home.,6.So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed.,What is absolute structure?1.,1.Going eastward,you,ll pass mountains.,As,you,go eastward,you,ll pass mountains.,Doing.,S+V,2.Seen from the hill,the city looks more beautiful.,When,the city,is seen from the hill,the city looks more beautiful.,Done.,S+V,3.To order a car,you have to pay a deposit(押金).,If,you,order a car,you have to pay a deposit.,To do.,S+V,1.Going eastward,youll pass,Time,permitting,we,will go for a picnic tomorrow.,S2+doing,S1+V,5.,Work,done,we,went home.,S2+done,S1+V,6.,So many people,to help him,he,is sure to succeed.,S2+to do,S1+V,Time permitting,we will go f,S2,+doing,S1,+V,or,S1,+V,S2,+doing,S2,+done,S1,+V,or,S1,+V,S2,+done,S2,+to do,S1,+V,or,S1,+V,S2,+to do,rule1:a comma,rule2:two subjects,rule3:,two verbs,predicate and non-finite,S2+doing,S1+V or S1+V,S2+doi,Choose the sentences using the absolute structure.,1.Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.,2.To be a winner,you need to try your best.,3.More time given,we should have done it much better.,4.Guided by these principles,they went on with the work.,5.The manager looks worried,many things to settle.,6.Hearing the news,they all danced for joy.,Choose the sentences using the,the keys,1.,Winter,coming,it,gets colder and colder.,3.,More time,given,we,should have done it much better.,5.,The manager,looks worried,many things,to settle.,the keys1.Winter coming,it g,Pay attention to,doing,done,to do,in the absolute structure.Can you tell the differences?,1,.Time,permitting,we will go for a picnic tomorrow.,If,time permits,we will go for a picnic tomorrow.,2,.Work,done,we went home.,After,work had been done,we went home.,3,.So many people,to help,him,he is sure to succeed.,As,so many people will help,him,he is sure to succeed.,Pay attention to doing,done,Another example,The girl staring at him,he didn,t know what to say.,As,the girl was staring,at him,he didnt know what to say.,Another example,summary,summary,Exercise:Multiple choice,1,.The soldier rushed into the cave,his right hand _ a gun and his face _ with sweat.,A held;covered B.holding;covering,C.holding;covered D.held;covering,2.,Nobody,tomorrow,we will have to put off the meeting till next week.,A.coming B.come C.to come D.is coming,KEYS:1C 2C,Exercise:Multiple choice1.Th,Exercise,:filling,1.Weather,(permit),we are going to visit you tomorrow.,2.Her work,(do),she sat down for a cup of tea.,3.He proposed a picnic,he,(provide)the food.,permitting,done,to provide,Exercise:filling1.Weather,Exercise:correct the following sentences.,1.,The test finishing,we began our holiday.,2.,The boy led the way,we had no trouble finding the strange cave.,3.,The manager looks worried，many things settled.,Exercise:correct the followin,the keys,1.,The test,finished,we began our holiday.,2.,The boy,leading,the way,we had no trouble finding the strange cave.,3.,The manager looks worried，many things,to settle,.,the keys1.The test finished,summary,S2,+doing,S1,+V,or,S1,+V,S2,+doing,S2,+done,S1,+V,or,S1,+V,S2,+done,S2,+to do,S1,+V,or,S1,+V,S2,+to do,rule1:a comma,rule2:two subjects,rule3:,two verbs,predicate and non-finite,summaryS2+doing,S1+V or S1+V,summary,summary,think about it,The food,being cooked,the boy was watching TV.,Many trees,to be planted,our school will look more beautiful.,think about itThe food being c,homework,Review what we have learned,Multiple choice,1.The cave _ very dark,he lit some candles to give light.,A.was B.was C.being D.being,2.The children went home from the school,their lessons _ for the day.,A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finished,3.Here are the first two books,the third one out next month.,A.coming B.come C.to come D.will come,Keys 1C 2B 3C,homeworkReview what we have le,Fill the blanks,1.The problems,(solve),the quality has been improved.,2.The professor entered the lab,his students,(follow)him.,3.So many people,(help)him,he is sure to succeed.,solved,following,to help,Fill the blankssolvedfollowing,Correct the following sentences.,1.The meeting been over,all of us went home.,2.Everything taking into consideration,the plan seems to be more workable.,3.An important lecture given tomorrow,the professor has to stay up late into the night.,Correct the following sentence,keys,1.The meeting,being,over,all of us went home.,2.Everything,taken,into consideration,the plan seems to be more workable.,3.An important lecture,to be given,tomorrow,the professor has to st