【2020,中考英语语法考点精讲,】,动词和动词短语,【2020中考英语语法考点精讲】动词和动词短语,考点,一,动词的分类与词义辨析,1,及物动词,及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句意完整。如,love,，,need,，,want,等。它主要用于三种句型中：,实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。,考点精讲,2,考点一动词的分类与词义辨析1及物动词实义动词：本身有词义,动词间接宾语直接宾语,动词宾语,如：,I bought some books yesterday.,我昨天买了一些书。,(bought,后有宾语,books,，为及物动词,),动词宾语宾补,考点精讲,3,动词宾语如：I bought some books y,2.,不及物动词,不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。,如：,He always studies hard.,他一直努力学习。,(study,后无宾语，为不及物动词,),若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。,有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。,如：,She sings very well.,她唱得很好。,(sing,是不及物动词,),She sang an English song just now.,她刚才唱了一首英文歌。,(sing,是及物动词,),考点精讲,4,2.不及物动词考点精讲4,系动词和助动词的用法,1,系动词,本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有,be(,am,，,is,，,are,，,was,，,were,),；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有,keep,，,stay,，,remain,，,stand,等；表象系动词有,look,，,seem,，,appear,等；表示人的感觉的系动词有,feel,，,smell,，,sound,，,taste,等；表变化的系动词有,become,，,get,，,grow,，,turn,等。,考点精讲,5,系动词和助动词的用法考点精讲5,情态动词的用法,情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。,1,can(could),表能力，,could,为,can,的过去式。,can,与,be able to,的意义基本相同。但,can,只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而,be able to,能用于各种时态。,表可能性。,表许可。口语中可代替,may,。,考点精讲,6,情态动词的用法考点精讲6,cant,表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。,could,在口语中，常代替,can,来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时,could,不表示过去时。,2,may(might),用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。,might,可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。,表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。,might,可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。,考点精讲,7,cant表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。考点精讲7,3,must,表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用,neednt,或,dont have to,，意为“不必”。,【,注意,】have to,意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。,must,的否定形式为,mustnt,，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。,表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比,may,的语气要肯定得多。,考点精讲,8,3must考点精讲8,4,would,作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与,like,，,love,连用。,5,should,表义务。意为“应该”,(,某件事宜做,),，用于各种人称。,表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。,考点精讲,9,4would考点精讲9,1.(2019江西,29)You,ll have to,the books because there aren,t enough for everyone.,A.packB.sellC.chooseD.share,D,10,1.(2019江西,29)Youll have to,2.(2019天津,24)We should,making a noise in the library.,A.avoidB.preferC.practiseD.enjoy,3.(2019新疆,31)Mum likes,soap operas.Let,s buy a TV for her.,A.becomingB.watchingC.lookingD.smelling,A,B,11,2.(2019天津,24)We should,4.(2019湖北武汉,36)Have you,chemistry for the coming exam?,Yes.I,m quite ready for it.,A.repeatedB.copied,C.markedD.reviewed,5.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特,3)Jack,let,s have a picnic after school.,Sorry.I have,Frank to work on the biology report with him.,A.advisedB.expectedC.suggestedD.promised,D,D,12,4.(2019湖北武汉,36)Have you,6.(2019河南,25)You can,t change who you are by reading a book or change the way,you act by watching a video.What,is what you do,not what you know.,A.includesB.decidesC.meansD.matters,7.(2019云南,34)I can,t find my keys.Maybe I,them at home this morning.,A.leftB.forgotC.lostD.missed,8.(2019安徽,37)Hello,Beijing Hotel.Can I help you?,Yes,I,d like to,a single room for two nights.,A.enterB.moveC.bookD.provide,D,A,C,13,6.(2019河南,25)You cant change,考,点二,动词短语辨析,动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。,1,动词短语的分类：,动词介词,arrive in/at,，,ask for,，,begin with,，,be from,，,come from,，,get to,，,laugh at,，,look for,，,send for,，,wait for,考点精讲,14,考点二动词短语辨析考点精讲14,及物动词副词,find out,，,give up,，,look up(,查找,),，,put on,，,pick up,，,ring up,，,take off(,脱下,),，,take away,，,turn on,，,turn off,，,think over,，,cut off,不及物动词副词,get up,，,go on,，,grow up,，,set off,，,stand up,，,take off,动词副词介词,get on(along)with,，,catch up with,，,come up with,，,go on with,，,look forward to,动词名词介词,take part in,，,make friends with,，,take care of,考点精讲,15,及物动词副词考点精讲15,be+,形容词,+,介词,Be good at,be interested in,be good for,be worried about,常见的动词短语,考点精讲,16,be+形容词+介词常见的动词短语考点精讲16,考点精讲,17,考点精讲17,1.If you want to join the Music Club,the form,please.,A.go outB.fill out,C.get upD.warm up,2.I,m afraid his radio is too noisy.Will you please,him,to,a little?,Sure.,A.ask;turn it downB.allow;turn it on,C.tell;turn it upD.advise;turn it off,B,A,考点精讲,18,BA考点精讲18,3.I really need to take more exercise because,I,m,weight.,A.putting downB.putting on,C.putting offD.putting away,4.Why were you shouting at Tom?,I told him to be quiet,but he,talking.,A.joined inB.ended up,C.kept onD.put off,B,C,考点精讲,19,3.I really need to take more,5.Our school has,a sign at the gate,saying“,Greet,your,child,with,a,smile,not,a,mobile,”.,A.put upB.put offC.put on,6.I asked my father to,me,at the school gate at 6:30 so that we could visit Grandma together.,A.pick;up,B.turn;down,C.let;down,D.cheer;up,A,A,考点精讲,20,5.Our school has a sig,7.On the first day of Chinese New Year,we,new clothes and,visit people.,A.pick upB.put on,C.take offD.throw away,8.Would you please,the light?I can,t sleep well with it on.,A.turn onB.turn off,C.turn toD.turn around,B,B,考点精讲,21,7.On the first day of Chinese,22,22,