单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,英语国家社会与文化入门,(,上册）,The Society and Culture,of Major English-Speaking Countries,An Introduction,(Book One),英语国家社会与文化入门(上册）The Society a,Ireland,Unit 14,Irish Culture:Language,Literature and Arts,IrelandUnit 14 Irish Cultur,Quiz,Give the English and a brief explanation for the following:,1.,爱尔兰英语,2.,盖尔语,3.,大河舞,4.,爱尔兰式曲棍球,5.,英雄传奇,/,萨迦,6.,诺贝尔文学奖获得者,Quiz Give the English and a br,Focal Points,the Irish language and colonial policy,Hiberno-English,the Irish oral tradition,folk heritage,Riverdance,Irish literature,Nobel Prize winners for literature,James Joyce,popular sports,science and technology in Ireland,Irish identity in the world,Focal Pointsthe Irish language,This Unit Is Divided into Three Sections,The Irish Language and Oral Culture,The Irish Literature,Arts,Sports and Science,This Unit Is Divided into Thre,I.The Irish Language and Oral Culture,Traditionally,the Irish people spoke their own language,called Irish or Gaelic.,Gaelic is a very ancient language with a rich oral culture.,English became the dominant language during the British colonization.,It has evolved into Hiberno-English,a version of standard English spoken universally in Ireland today.,A self-conscious attempt has been made to revive the use of the Irish language in the Republic of Ireland.,I.The Irish Language and Oral,Irish is the national language according to the Constitution,but English is the dominant language.In the 2006 census,39%of the population regarded themselves as competent in Irish.,The percentages of people who said they spoke Irish daily outside the education system in the 2011 census,Irish is the national languag,Oral tradition and oral lore is cultural material and tradition transmitted orally from one generation to another.The messages or testimony are verbally transmitted in speech or song and may take the form of folktales,sayings,ballads,songs,or chants.,Oral culture in the form of story-telling,Oral tradition and oral lore i,As head of the Irish government(1932-59),amon de Valera was a strong advocate of the Irish language.,amon de Valera (1882 1975)was one of the dominant political figures in twentieth-century Ireland.His political career spanned over half a century,from 1917 to 1973;he served multiple terms as head of government and head of state.He also led the introduction of the Constitution of Ireland.,As head of the Irish governmen,As part of the move for Irish independence in the late 19th century,a self-conscious attempt was made to revive the use of the Irish language among the middle and professional classes.,Signs in Irish in Dungloe,County Donegal,As part of the move for Irish,Under Eamon De Valeras government(1932-1959),the school system was made to teach the Irish language to all Irish children from the age of four until they left school at fifteen.,Traffic sign,meaning Give Way or Yield,in County Waterford,Under Eamon De Valeras govern,TG4 is a public service broadcaster for Irish-language speakers.,The channel launched on 31 October 1996.It is available to 98%of homes in Ireland,with 800,000 viewers tuning to the channel each day to view a broad programming policy.It has been reported to have a share of 3%of the national television market.,TG4 is a public service broadc,RT Raidi na Gaeltachta(RnaG)is the Irish-language radio service of the public-service broadcaster Raidi Teilifs ireann.The station is available on FM in Ireland and via satellite and on the Internet.,The station is available on FM in Ireland and via satellite and on the Internet.It celebrated its 40,th,anniversiry on air on 2 April 2012.,RT Raidi na Gaeltachta(RnaG,The government makes it mandatory to have a competent level of Irish in order to enter the universities of Ireland or the civil service or the diplomatic corpse or teaching profession.,A sign for the Department of Culture,Arts and Leisure in Northern Ireland,in English,Irish,and Ulster Scots.,The government makes it mandat,II.The Irish Literature,As a“talk”culture,Ireland has a reputation for being a culture that has produced many writers.,The first Irish saga,The Tain,was transmitted orally for centuries before it was written down.,Other forms of oral recitation include local myths and legends,folk poetry,anecdotes and jokes.,Folk songs and folk tales have been collected intensively over the last 70 years.,Ireland is the origin of four winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature:Yeats,Heaney,Shaw,and Beckett,Other influential writers include Swift,Sterne,Sheridan,and Joyce.,II.The Irish LiteratureAs a“,Irish has one of the oldest vernacular literatures in western Europe(after Greek and Latin).,Irish writing of the 8th century,Irish has one of the oldest ve,Tin B Cailnge,commonly known as,The Cattle Raid of Cooley,or,The Tin,is a legendary tale from early Irish literature,often considered an epic,although it is written primarily in prose rather than verse.,Traditionally set in the 1st century AD in an essentially pre-Christian her