,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2018/11/3,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专题二阅读七选五,专题二阅读七选五,-,2,-,注,:,本表中的,“,长度,”,是指命题人所选短文材料所含的词数,不包括所配的多余的两个错误选项的词数。,-2-注:本表中的“长度”是指命题人所选短文材料所含的词数,-,3,-,一、体裁,:,通常为说明文。,二、内容,:,内容贴近学生,教人如何学习、做事、生活等。,三、长度,:,一段,300350,词的短文留出,5,个空白。,四、短文特征,1,.,常含有,tips,steps,ways,methods,等词。,2,.,文章多半有大标题、小标题、主题句,或有表示列举或顺序的词,(,如,first,second,next,then,finally,等,),结构清晰,层次分明,条理清楚。,五、设空特点,:,空格设置可能在首段末、文中段首、段中或段末。在首段末时,主要是要求考生选下文的主题句,;,文中段首主要考查段落小标题或段落的主题句,:,标题一般为名词短语或祈使句。文中段中段落主题句之后,很可能是说明原因、举例证明、分述细化主题、解释前句中的某个概念等。位于文中段中,可能只起衔接作用。位于段末或文末,可能是结论句。,-3-一、体裁:通常为说明文。,-,4,-,六、选项排列,:,通常是由最短到最长依次排列,但也有可能由最长到最短依次排列。,-4-六、选项排列:通常是由最短到最长依次排列,但也有可能由,-,5,-,一、四步巧应对,确保得,高分,-5-一、四步巧应对,确保得高分,-,6,-,二、三法破迷局,避免连环错,解题时要从词、句、篇三个方面去寻找解题线索,即从文章中出现的关键词、选项中的句式结构特点和文章的整体篇章结构三个方面来综合考虑,找到命题规律。,1.,根据结构轻松选,在解题过程中,除了每做一道有把握的题后就在,7,个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外,通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小,一般可将,7,个选项缩小到,24,个选项,这样就大大提高了解题的效率。,(1),段落首句或标题结构,如果考查段落首句或段落标题,先看看其他同位置句子或标题的结构形式,因为它们基本上是同一语言形式。如果都是名词短语,该题答案也是名词短语,;,如果都是祈使句,该题答案也是祈使句。,-6-二、三法破迷局,避免连环错,-,7,-,(201610,浙江,),.,Do well in school.,Do good in your community(,社区,).,Remember,respect them and value their opinions,even if they annoy you sometimes.,A.Live life to the fullest.,C.Be nice to your parents and teachers.,D.Find chances to do volunteer work that interests you.,G.Keep in mind that they do the things they do because they care about you.,-7-(201610浙江),-,8,-,解析,C,本题要求选段落首句。观察其他段落首句,都是祈使句,因此,本空答案也应是祈使句,;,七个选项中只有,A,、,C,、,D,、,G,四个选项是祈使句,这样就可大大缩小选择范围,;,浏览四个选项,再看空后文字,:,尊重他们,珍惜他们的建议,即使有时候他们使你很烦。故上句意思是,:,要对你的老师和父母好。故选,C,项。,-8-解析 C本题要求选段落首句。观察其他段落首句,都是祈,-,9,-,(2),句子结构,如果正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分,就要看看空后这个部分是不是句子,如果是句子,看看是否有连词,如果没有连词,要选的正确选项就应是短语或是带有连词的从句。,【典例】,Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs.,buy the best-fitting,best-built running shoes you can find.,A.After six days,B.For a good marathon runner,C.Before you begin your training,-9-(2)句子结构,-,10,-,解析,从句式结构上看,逗号后是祈使句,没有连词,正确答案要么是带有连词的从句,要么是一个短语,只有,A,、,B,、,C,三个选项符合,这样就缩小了选择范围,;,根据空前句中的,preparation,(,准备,),和常识可知是,“,训练前,”,故选,C,项。,-10-解析 从句式结构上看,逗号后是祈使句,没有连词,正确,-,11,-,2.,利用词汇定答案,(1),复现词,词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段,而七选五正是考查语篇衔接,因此,利用词语复现解七选五,有事半功倍之效。七选五材料中的复现包括,:,原词复现、同义复现、近义复现、同根复现,(,如,read,reading,reader,readers,等,),。还有上义词与下义词的复现,(adult,是,teacher,parent,的上义词,而,teacher,parent,是,adult,的下义词,),。,-11-2.利用词汇定答案,-,12,-,【典例,1,】,(20186,浙江,),Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(,房产,)neat,clean,and in good repair.,32,By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape,you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.,E.Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car,pick it up.,F.People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.,G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.,-12-【典例1】,-,13,-,解析,F,本选项是句中衔接句。由上一句,“.keep,our,property,neat,clean,and,in,good,repair”,和下一句,“.in,great,shape.”,等信息可知,只有把自己的屋前屋后整理干净,保持整洁,才能赢得邻居们的尊重,F,项中的,fresh,和,inviting,等与,clean,in,good,repair,等词汇语义上较一致。,-13-解析 F本选项是句中衔接句。由上一句“.kee,-,14,-,【典例,2,】,You might represent each letter with a number,for example,.Let,s,number the letters of the alphabet.,E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.,G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.,解析,空后句中有,the,alphabet(,字母表,),只有,G,项中有此词,故选,G,项。另外,选项,G,中的,stand,for,与空后句中的,represent,是同义复现。,-14-【典例2】,-,15,-,(2),代词指代,代词用于指代前面提及的事情。做题时,可通过代词在句中所作的成分和代词的单复数推断出它所指代的成分,巧妙利用这样的指代关系准确而快速地从选项中找到答案。,【典例,1,】,When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example,if your topic is about environmental problems in America,you might ask,“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?”,F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.,G.With a question like this,you will get more than a“Yes”or“No”reply.,-15-(2)代词指代,-,16,-,解析,G,考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是结尾句。由其前面的问句,“Why,do,you,think.”,等可知,提问时不要使用可以用,“Yes”,或,“No”,来简单回答的问题,而应该采用些能让被采访者多说话的问题,由此选用,G,项。,G,项中的,“a,question,like,this”,就是指的上一句所问的这个问题。所有的空格中,只有本空前的句子是一个问句,由此可以轻松锁定答案。,-16-解析 G考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是结尾句。由其,-,17,-,【典例,2,】,We face problems in our everyday life.,Don,t worry.As long as you are breathing,you can solve problems.,.,D.Knowing the problem means solving half the problem itself.,E.They can be social problems,relationship problems,or problems at work.,F.Spend 10%of the time analyzing the problem and 90%on the solution,not the opposite.,解析,E,空前谈到生活中我们会遇到很多问题。可知,E,项,“,可能是一些社会问题,(,人际,),关系问题,或者工作问题。,”,符合语境。选项,E,中的,“They”,指的就是上文所说的,“problems”,。,-17-【典例2】,-,18,-,(3),疑问词,如果选项中或设空处前出现疑问词,一定要认真研读,有的较为笼统,比如,前面是疑问句,选项则会出现,“answer”,或,“reply”,等词。有的则较为具体,针对不同疑问词给出不同的回答方式。比如对,why,的回答,一般要有,because,等表示原因的词,;,对,when,的回答,一般要有表示时间的词,;,对,where,的回答,一般要有表示地点的词,;,对,how,的回答,一般要有表示方式或程度的词