单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动词不定式,是非谓语动词,的一种，它,没有人称,和,数,的变化，在句子中,不能独立,作,谓语,，但它仍保持,动词,的特点，既可以有自己的,宾语,和,状语,。,用法,动词不定式具有,名词,、,形容词,和,副词,的特征。因此在句中可以做,主语,、,表语,、,宾语,、,宾语补足语,、,定语,和,状语,。,定义,基本形式,一般形式,to do,not to do,to be done,一般式,表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态,的,同时或之后,否定形式,被动形式,完成形式,完成式,表示动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态,之前,to have done,进行式,表示的动作或状态，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态,同时发生,to be doing,进行形式,1、不定式做主语一般表示,具体,的某次动作。,e.g:,To finish the building,in a month is difficult,work.,To do such things,is foolish.,注,:,1,不定式作主语时,谓语用,单数,2、当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用,it,做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。,一、不定式做,主语,：,it,做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：,(1),It is/was+,adj,.+,of,sb.to do,注意：,在此句型中，adj.只能用可以修饰,人物,的形容词。,例如:kind nice good brave,clever wise stupid foolish,honest careless cruel generous,eg:It is brave,of him,to save the girl in the water.,It was careless,of her,to make such a mistake,.,(2)It is+,adj,.+,for,sb.+to do,注意：,这里的adj.不能表示人的性质，只能表示,某事或,某物,的性质。,例如：difficult,wonderful,meaningful,painful,useful,Eg:It is not difficult for us,to learn English well,.,It is right for him,to work here,.,(3)it is+a+,名词,+to do,Eg:,What,fun it is to jump into a lake in summer!,How long,did it take you to finish the work?,例如:pleasure pity duty,shame crime 等,注,:在,感叹句,和疑问句中只能用it作形式主语,Eg:It is a,duty,to plant trees every day,.,不定式作表语常表示将来的动作,一、不定式做,表语,：,eg:,My idea is,to climb the mountain from the north,.,Your mistake was,not to write that letter,.,What I would suggest is,to start work at once,.,1.主语是以aim duty hope idea intention,mistake plan proposal job suggestion,wish purpose task,等为中心词的名词词组 或以 what 引导的名词性从,句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容,2主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果）,Eg:,To be kind to the enemy,is,to be cruel to the,people,.,To do that,would be,to cut the foot to fit the shoe,.,3 不定式常用在系动词,be,seem,appear,get,remain,become,look,sound,taste,smell,feel,等后作表语,All you have to do is(to)press the button.,The only thing I can do is(to)give you as much help as I can.,Eg:The plan seems to have been changed.,4 在某些句型中，当,主语,部分有动作动词,do,时，作表语的不定式可以,省略,符号,“,to,”，,例如：,三 动词不定式作,宾语,常用动词有:like wish hope want,try begin start mean agree refuse promise pretend ask choose,decide forget hope learn want would like intend demand expect fail,offer help,hate,attempt,determine,t,ry manage remember prepare plan 等,Eg:We hope,to get,there before dark.,The girl decided,to do,it herself.,1、“动词+带 to 的不定式结构”,2 不定式即可作动词的宾语也可作,介词的宾语,.,不定式作介词的宾语时,介词之后一般不直接接不定式，一般都是:,疑问词+不定式,作宾语.,Eg:Im worrying about what,to do,next.,Marx gave some advice on how,to learn,a foreign,language.,动词+疑问词+不定式,这种不定式结构接近一个,名词,从句,疑问词,（也称连接代/副词）有：what where,who(m)when how whether,这类,动词,常见的有：,tell advise show,teach find out decide discuss,learn forget inquire know,explain remember see understand wonder,等。,Eg:I dont know,what to do/where to go/who(m),to ask/when to stop/how to get there.,I havent decided,whether to sell it or not.,We must find out,what to do next/where to put it.,eg:I find,it,difficult,to understand,him,.,We thought,it,wrong,not to help,her,.,They found,it,impossible,to get,everything ready,in time.,注2：,不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语,只有在个别场合,即在含有,否定意义的带有介词 except 或 but(=except),的结构中才能这样用.,注1：,如果作宾语的不定式结构后面还有自己的,补语,，则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置,Eg:He seldom comes,except,to,look at my pictures,.,注意不定式符号的省略问题！,do nothing,but/except,后的不定式不带,to,.,需要注意的是,此句型中but/except 前必须要有,实义动词do,时，but/except后的不定式,to,才能,省略,，否则to则不省.我们用一句话概括就是,：,有do无to，有 to无 do,Eg:She has no choice,but to,wait,for the news.,He could,do,nothing,but wait.,He will,do,anything for you,except,lend,you money,.,.,注3,有些动词既可跟,不定式,作宾语，也可跟,动名词,作宾语，但,含义不同,记住要做某事；,记得曾经做过某事,忘记要做某事,忘记曾经做过某事,停下来去做某事,停止做某事,继续做另一件事,继续做原来在做的事,remember to do,remember doing,forget to do,forget doing,stop to do,stop doing,go on to do,go on doing,Eg:I,remember seeing,you somewhere before.,Please,remember to turn off,the light when you leave.,离开时请记得关好灯。,我记得以前在哪儿见过你。,Eg:,We mustnt let this,(to),happen again.,His father put him,to mind the sheep.,四 不定式结构作,宾语补足语,1、只能用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词,表示,“希望”“愿望”,等,心理状态,的动词，如：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,encourage,trust 等。,Eg:What do you desire me,to do,?,The director preferred her,to act the old lady,.,含有,“让”“允许”“促使”“致使”,等,祈使,意义的动词，如：,let,allow,permit,decide,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,等。,Eg:He begged me,not to tell his father about it,.,She was always worrying her father,to take her,to Paris,.,带有,“请求”“恳求”,等,感情,色彩的动词，如：ask,desire,invite,beg,request,worry 等。,含有,“建议”“劝告”,等意义的动词，如：advise,persuade,call on,urge 等。,Eg:He urged us,to accept the compromise,.,The dentist advised me,to have the bad tooth,pulled out,.,含有,“命令”“强迫”“禁止”,等意义的动词，如：order,command,require,charge,tell,make,oblige,force,drive,forbid,warn 等。,Eg:He required us,to keep it a secret,.,The doctor ordered him,to stay in bed for a few,days,.,I warn you,not to do that again,.,其他还有：help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,wait for,train,depend on 等。,Eg:He promised to teach me,to swim,.,We should train them,to make use of reference,books,.,We are waiting for the train,to stop,.,Eg:Did you,see anyone,enter,the house,?,Dont,imagine yourself,to be,always correct,.,We,find him,to be