单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语基本句型,1,英语的词性：,名词,(nouns)n.,代词,(pronoun)pron.,实词 数词,(numeral)num.,形容词,(adjective)adj.,或,a.,副词,(adverb)adv.,动词,(verb)v,.,冠词,(article)art,.,虚词 介词,(preposition)prep.,连词,(conjunction)conj.,助词,(auxiliary),aux.,2,句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种,：,主语,、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、,状语、同位语,主语补足语和宾语补足语。,学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。,英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子,的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，,就能写出完整、正确的句子。,3,英语的句子成分：,（,一）主语：,是一个句子所叙述的主题，,Tom likes apples,.,He,will take you to the hospital.,Three plus four,equals seven.,To see,is to believe.,Smo,king,is not allowed in public places.,Whether or not they will come,depends on the weather.,（,二）,谓语,由,_,担任。,助动词或情态动词,加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。,说明主语所做的动作或状态,.,动词有着各种时态的变化,Action,speaks,louder than words.,The,y,may come,back,again.,Mary,has work,ed,at the shop since 1994.,动词,/,动词短语,名词,代词,数词,to do,不定式,doing,动名词,句子,4,（三）宾语,表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在,_,之后。,_,词后也会跟宾语。,She covered,her face,with her hands.,We havent seen,her,for a long time.,Do you mind,opening,the window?,Give me,four,please.,He wants,to,be an actor,.,We,dont,know,what others are doing.,We should,take,care,of,about our friends.,动词,/,动词短语,介词,名词,n,代词,pron,动名词,代词和数词,to do,不定式,句子,介词,+,名词,5,宾语种类,：,（,1,）双宾语（间接宾语,+,直接宾语）,You lend,me,your dictionary,.,My mother bought,my brother,a computer,.,（,2,）复合宾语（宾语,+,宾语补足语,）,They elected,him,their monitor,.,I find,the homework,difficult to finish,.,6,（四）表语,它的位置在,_,之后。是用来说明主语的,_,_,_,的,.,My father is a,doctor,.,Whos,that,?Its,me.,Everything here is,expensive.,The match became,very exciting.,The story of my life may be,of help to others.,Three times five is,fifteen.,His plan is,to seek work,in the city.,My first idea was,that you should hide your feelings,.,系动词,性质,特征,状态,名词,n,代词,pron,形容词,adj,adj,介词短语,数词,to do,不定式,句子,7,（五）定语,是修饰,_,词,.,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之,_,；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之,_,。,They are,woman,workers.,Toms,father didnt write home until yesterday.,Mary is a,beautiful,girl.,Alan has three story books,.,This is,her first,trip,to Europe.,China is a,developing,country.,I have nothing,to eat.,Those,who want to go to Tibet,are to sign their names here.,名,前,后,名词,名词所有格,形容词,adj,数词,形容词,/,序数词,/to do,不定式,现在分词,doing,to do,不定式,从句,8,(,六）状语,修饰,动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,，说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、,让步,、伴随情况等,。,We planted trees in the park,.,I left the village,five years ago.,I arrived late because of the traffic jam.,Well,go there to find a good job,.,It was raining,so that I couldnt go out,.,The students came into the classroom,singing and dancing.,If he,goes,I,will tell you,.,Though he is a child,he knows a lot.,地点状语,时间状语,原因状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语,条件状语,让步状语,9,（,七）宾语补足语。,英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。,They elected me,captain of the team.,We try to make our country,strong.,We found everything,in good order,there.,I should advise you,to get the chance.,I saw him,going upstairs.,They found the house broken in.,名词,形容词,介词短语,to do,不定式,现在分词,doing,done,过去分词,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成,动词的复合结构,10,(,八）主语补足语,如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，,原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足,语,I was elected,captain of the team,.,Our country will be made,strong.,与宾语补足语一样,11,（九）同位语：,当两个指,同一事物,的句子成分放在,同等位置,时，,一个句子成分（,1,）,用来说明和解释,另一个句子成分（）,，这个句子成分（）就叫做另一个句子成分（,2,）的同位语。,We,students,should study hard.,(students,是,we,的同位语，都是指同一批学生）,We,all,are students.,(all,是,we,的同位语，都指同样的我们）,12,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station yesterday,.,主语,谓,语,定语,宾,语,同位语,状,语,13,英语句子的类型,简单句,并列句,复合句,只有一个主谓结构（五种基本句型）,有两个或两个以上主谓结构,一个主句加一个或几个从句,14,简单句的,基本句型-1,主谓结构,15,简单句的,基本句型-1,主谓结构,是由,主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。,如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.,主语,可有修饰语-,定语,，,谓语,可有修饰语-,状语,。,如,:,1.The,red,sun rises,in the east.,2.So they had to travel,by air or boat,.,3.We got up,early.,4.She sat,there,alone,.,5.He came back,when we were eating.,16,(,主语,+,不及物动词,),扩展和修饰,The boy spoke to his teacher.,The,little,boy spoke,loudly,to his teacher.,The boy,named Tom,spoke to his,math,teacher,in a low voice,.,17,yesterday evening,.,in the past ten years.,1,她昨天回家很晚。,2,我们将按时到达。,3,在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。,She went home,very late,We will arrive on time.,Great changes have taken place,in my home town,巩固练习：,4.,看！孩子们在跑步。,Look!The,children are running.,18,简单句的,基本句型-2,主谓宾结构,19,主谓宾结构,本结构是由,主语,+,及物的谓语动词,+,宾语构成,。,宾语成分的多样化,使得这一结构异常复杂。,如,：,1.Tom made,a cake,for his sister.,2.I dont know,if he can come tomorrow,.,3.They havent decided,where to go next.,4.She stopped,teaching English,two years ago.,5.We eat three meals a day.,6.Mother likes apples,.,20,(,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,),扩展和修饰,I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.,Unfortunately,I forgot to mail the letter yesterday.,Unfortunately,I forgot to mail the letter yesterday,which disappointed my mum so much.,21,1,昨晚我写了一封信。,2,今天下午我想同你谈谈。,3,这本书他读,过很多次了。,4,他们成功地完成了计划。,5,那,位小伙子能说,三种语言。,I,wrote,a letter,last night.,I,want,to talk with you,this afternoon.,He,has read,this book,many times.,They,have carried out,the plan,successfully.,That young man,can speak,three languages.,.,巩固练习：,22,简单句的,基本句型3,双宾语结构,23,英语基本句型,3,双宾语结构,说明：此结构由“,主语,+,及物谓语动词,+,间接宾语（人）,+,直接宾语（事物）”,组成。如：,He