单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,形容词和副词,的用法归纳,1,、形容词、副词的作用与位置,形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：,（,1,）形容词短语作定语，,定语后置,。,a language,difficult to master,a leaning tower,about 180 feet high,（,2),表语形容词,（,afraid,、,alike,、,alone,、,asleep,、,awake,、,alive,等）作定语，定语后置。如,a man,alive,。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如,well,、,faint,、,ill,只作表语。,sick,既可作表语又可作定语，,ill,如作定语意为“,bad”,。,（,3,）,用作后置定语,，修饰由不定代词,one,、,no,、,any,、,some,和,every,构成的复合词如,anything,、,something,等时，通常后置。如：,I have something,important,to tell you.,（,4,）,else,常用作疑问代词和不定代词的,后置定语。,e.g.someone,else,，,what,else,（,5,）,enough,修饰名词前置或后置，,enough,修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。,I dont know him well enough.,There is enough food(enough)for us.,You cannot be careful enough.,canntenough=cannt too,再,也不为过,You,can not,be careful,enough,when crossing the road,=You,can not,be,too,careful when crossing the road,（,6,）副词作定语，定语后置。如：,The person,there,is waiting for you.,canntenough=cannt too,再,也不为过,（,7,）排 序,a.,几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：,限定语（,The,、,A,）,+,描绘性形容词,+size,（大小）,+shape,（形状）,+age,（年龄、时间）,+color,（颜色）,+origin,（国籍、来源）,+material,（材料）,+purpose,（目的）,+,名词。如：,a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the mans first interesting little red French oil paintings,美小圆旧黄，法国木书房,a beautiful(,性质，如好坏等,)small,（大小）,round,（形状）,old,（新旧）,yellow,（颜色）,French,（国籍）,woolen,（材料）,reading,（用途）,room.,（,8,）下列单词以,-ly,结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：,lively,、,lonely,、,lovely,、,deadly,、,friendly,、,ugly,、,silly,、,likely,、,brotherly,、,timely,、,costly,等,。,表原意（无,-ly,）和引申意,(,有,-ly),的副词：,deep,深,(dig deep)wide,宽广,(wide open),deeply,深入地,(deeply moved),widely,广泛地,low,位置低,high,高,lowly,地位卑微,highly,高度地,有无,-ly,意义大不相同的副词：,dead,完全，绝对,be dead asleep,deadly,非常,be deadly tired/serious,close,近,Dont sit close.,closely,密切地,Watch closely!,late,晚、迟,arrive late,come late,lately,最近,I havent seen him lately(recently).,(9),做表语时,通常不能用”人”做主语的形容词,.,possible,improbable,convenient,inconvenient,(10)worth,worthwhile,worthy,be worth sth/doing,(it is worth it),it is worthwhile doing/to do sth.,be worthy of sth./being done/to do sth.,worthy,可修饰名词作定语,如,:a worthy man,可尊敬的,.a worthy life,有价值的,/,有意义的,2,、形容词和副词的比较等级,（,1,）原级的构成和用法,:,构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。,用法：,表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，,用,“,as+,原级形容词,/,副词,+as”,的结构；,表示双方不相等时，,用,“,not so(as)+,原级形容词,/,副词,+as,”,的结构；,This building looks not so(as)high as that one.,Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.,He speaks English as fluently as you.,This room is three times as large as that one.,表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，,用“,倍数,+as+,原级形容词,/,副词,+as,”,的结构。如,：,（,2,）比较级的用法。,对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“,比较级,+than,”,的结构表示。如：,This picture is,more beautiful than,that one.,表示一方不及另一方时，用“,less+,原级,+than,”,的结构表示。如：,This room is,less beautiful than,that one.,表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加,表示程度的状语,，如,even,、,a lot,、,a bit,、,a little,、,still,、,much,、,far,、,yet,、,by far,等修饰。如：,This book is even more useful than that.,这本书比那本更加有用。,另注意：,by far,通常用于强调最高级,放于最高级前后都可。,She is the best by far.,She is by far the best,用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“,the”,。如：,He is taller by far than his brother.,He is by far the taller of the two brothers.,表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“,the+,比较级（主语,+,谓语），,the+,比较级（主语,+,谓语）,”的结构（意为“越,越,”,）。如：,The harder he works,the happier he feels.,用“比较级,+and+,比较级”的结构。如：,The weather is getting colder and colder.,某些以,-ior,结尾的形容词进行比较时，,用,to,代替,than,。,这些词有,inferior,（劣等的，次的）、,superior,（较好的，优于,）、,junior,（资历较浅的）、,senior,（资格较老的）、,prior,（在,之前）等。,He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.,Bob is two years senior to me.,鲍伯比我大两岁。,倍数表达法。（,A,）,A is three(four,etc.)times the size(height,length etc.)of B.,这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。,The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.,这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（,B,）,A is three(four,etc.)times as big(high,long,etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.,亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（,C,）,A is three(four,etc.)times bigger(higher,longer,etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.,你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用,times,表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用,twice,或,double.,(3),最高级的用法。,三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“,the+,最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：,Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.,He works(the)hardest in his class.,最高级可被序数词以及,much,、,by far,、,nearly,、,almost,、,by no means,、,not quite,、,not really,、,nothing like,等词语所修饰。如：,This hat is,by far,/,much,/,nearly,/,almost,/,not nearly,/,by no means,/,not,quite,/,nothing like,the biggest.,How much did the,secon,most expensive hat cost?,表示“最高程度”的形容词，如,excellent,、,extreme,、,perfect,等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。,形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：,He is the tallest(boy)in his class.,作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：,Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.,(4),形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。,形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。,形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：,He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very),The film is most interesting.(most=very),表示两者间“较,的一个”比较级前加,the,。如：,who is the older of the tow boys?,在“,the+,比较级,，,the+,比较级,”,结构中。,在,same,前一般要加,the,。,有些形容词前加,the,成为名词。如,the poor,、,the rich,等。,may(might,could)as well,不妨、不如,Then you might as well stay with us here.,as as can be,到了最,的程度，极其,They are as unreliable as they can be.,他们极其不可信。,as as one can,He began to run,as fast as he could.,as as possible,