,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Scope(,范围),of civil engineer,Vocabulary explanation,Outline of the passage,Explanation of the passage,Scope(范围)of civil engineerVoc,1,Vocabulary 1,Consultation,咨询,consultant,咨询工程师,comprise to（,包含）,engineering design,工程设计,client（,业主）,merits,好处,render(,提供）,determine,决定,decide,Rehabilitation,恢复，改进,technical investigation,技术调查,analysis,分析,hydrographic studies,水文地质研究,feasibility,可行性,planning,规划,Vocabulary 1 Consultation 咨询,2,Vocabulary 2,Budgetary control,预算性控制,budgetary planning,预算编制,Budgetary structure,预算结构,Proceed with,继续进行,construction project,工程项目,Preliminary,初步的,sketches,草图,a master plan,总图,propose,提议,Schedule,安排,Available,可利用的,funds,资金.,Vocabulary 2 Budgetary control,3,Vocabulary 3,design,设计,subdivide,再分为,Schematic,纲要）,.be continuous,继续,enable sb.to visualize,使直观化,implementation,实施,additions,添加,Change,变更,consist of,由 组成,specifications,规范,contracts,合同,Vocabulary 3 design 设计,4,Vocabulary 4,Tender construction bids（,投标）,award contract(,授标）,administer（,管理）,field consultation(,现场咨询）,on-site inspection（,工地视察）,obligation（,义务）,design contract（,设计合同）,periodic（,定期）,insurance（,确保）,clarifying drawings（,解释图纸）,equipment catalogue(,设备项目）,contractor（,承包商）,shop drawings（,施工图,for compliance with（,符合）,comply with,Vocabulary 4 Tender constru,5,Vocabulary 5,resident engineer（,驻场工程师）,engineering representative（,工程代表）,quality control(,质量保证）,contractors（,承包商),subcontractors（,分包商）,interpretation（,解释）,Construction management （CM）（,施工管理）,inflationary（,通货膨胀）,retained（,保留）,project designer(,项目设计师）,Vocabulary 5 resident engineer,6,vocabulary 6,property（,资产）,technical reports（,技术报告）,appraisal of property and building values(,房屋,资产评估),;,vocabulary 6property（资产）,7,Outline of the passage 1passage:scope(,范围),of civil engineer,1 Advice and consultation,knsl,ten （,建议与咨询）,2.technical investigation,n,vest,gen,（,技术调查）,and analysis（,分析）,3.planning（,规划）,4.design(,设计）,5.Construction consultation and inspection,(,工程咨询和检验,）,6.Construction management （CM）（,施工管理）,7.Other service（,其他服务项目）,Outline of the passage 1passa,8,1 Advice and consultation,（,建议与咨询）,Advice and consultation,This phrase may comprise to（,包含）,more than an expression of the consultants(,咨询工程师的）,opinion based on experience and technical knowledge（,专业知识）.,Normally,detailed（,详尽的）,engineering design（,工程设计）,is not an element in this phase;but the engineer may advice a client（,业主）,on the merits（,好处）,of undertaking a new project and on its related technical consideration.Or this phrase may just be the rendering(,提供）,of undertaking further studies to determine(,决定）,the need for repair or rehabilitation（,恢复，改进）,of an existing structure.,1 Advice and consultation（建议与,9,2.technical investigation（,技术调查）,and analysis,（,分析）,technical investigation and analysis,after consultation,the engineer may undertake detailed study,such as hydrographic studies(,水文地质研究）.,Possible methods of construction may be considered.preparation of a feasibility(,可行性）,report may follow.This report usually considers economic(,经济的）,as well as engineering aspect.Both aspects have to be explored to enable an owner(,业主）,to decide whether or not to undertake a project.,2.technical investigation（技术调,10,3.planning（,规划）,planning（,规划）,if,on the basis of a feasibility(,可行性),report or other information,the owner decides to proceed(,继续进行),with the construction project(,工程项目）,the planning phase(,规划阶段）,is started.Planning must be considered separately（,分开）,from design.If,for instance,a plant or complex of structures is being develop,planning includes rough preliminary(,初步的）,sketches（,草图）,and a master plan（,总图）,of the proposed（,提议的）,project.With a master plan,the owner can develop a project in stages and schedule（,安排）,construction according to his available（,可利用的）,funds（,资金）.,3.planning（规划）planning（规划）,11,4.1,design(,设计）,design(,设计）,this phrases can be subdivided（,再分为）,into schematic（,纲要的）,preliminary（,初步的）,and final designs.There can be a review with the owner at the end of each stage,or the review can be continuous(,继续）,to enable the owner to visualize（,使直观化）,the implementation（,实施）,of requirements and allow additions（,添加）,and changes（,变更）,to be made as the need arises.The completed design document consist of(,由 组成）,detailed plans and specifications(,规范）,and contracts（,合同）,for construction.,4.1 design(设计）design(设计）,12,4.2 design(,设计),The designers role,however,does not end at completion of final design.Normally,the designers act as the owners representative in taking construction bids（,投标）,awarding contract(,授标）,and administering（,管理）,construction contracts.,4.2 design(设计)The designer,13,5.1Construction consultation and inspection,(,工程咨询和检验）,Construction consultation and inspection,During the construction phrase,the engineers role covers field consultation(,现场咨询）,and on-site inspection（,工地视察）.,Field consultation,normally part of the designers obligation（,义务）,under the design contract（,设计合同）,includes periodic（,定期）,visit to the site,insurance（,确保）,of clarifying drawings（,解释图纸）(,if required),and c