,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语二级考试语法重点,讲解,练习,重点,一.动词虚拟语气,二.非谓语动词,三.名词从句,四.定语从句,五.状语从句,六.主语和谓语的一致,七.倒装句,八.情态动词,九.强调,The Subjunctive Mood,1.,英语动词有三种语气,:,陈述,语气，,祈使,语气和,虚拟,语气。,2.,定义,.,用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能 发生的情况，,而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫,虚拟语气,。,一：虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法。,条件句有,真实条件句,和,非真实条件句,两种。,真实条件句,所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与事实相符的。,If it is fine tomorrow,I will go to,visit my grandma.,非真实条件句,所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，与事实相反的情况。,2.If I were a bird,I would fly to America.,1.1虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法,情况,条件从句,结果主句,与现在事实相反,动词过去式,(,be,用,were),would/should/could/,might+,动词原形,与过去事实相反,had+,过去分词,would/should/could/,might+have +,过去分词,与将来事实相反,1)动词过去式,2),should+,动词原形,3),were to+,动词原形,would/should/could/,might+,动词原形,用法举例,表示与现在事实相反的假设,1.,If I were you,I should go to see the doctor at once.,2.If we knew his address,we could write to him.,表示与过去事实相反的假设,1.,If you had come here yesterday,you would have seen him.,2.If he hadn,t been so busy,he would have helped you.,用法举例,表示与将来事实相反的假设,1.If it were fine tomorrow,we would go for an outing.,2.If I should do it,I would do it in a different way.,*书面语中,如果条件句中的谓语动词含有系动词,were,或助动词,had,should,有时可将连词,if,省略,而把,were,had,或,should,移到主语之前.如以上几例可变成:,用法举例,Were I you(=If I were you),I should go to see the doctor at once.,Had you come here yesterday(=If you had come here yesterday),you would have seen him.,Should I do it(=If I should do it),I would do it in an different way.,1.2虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法,句型:,It is,important/necessary/natural/vital/,strange/advisable+,that,+,主语+(,should),+,动词原形,e.g.,It is strange that she(should)do so.,It is necessary that the problem,(should)be solved immediately.,1.3虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,1),用于动词,wish,后的,that,从句中,:,这类虚拟语气主要表示愿望,that,常省略.如果指,现在或将来的愿望,从句用过去时;如果指,过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望,从句用过去完成时.,1.3虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,I wish I knew French.,I wished that I had bought that skirt in Shanghai.,注:,动词,wish,如果是,过去式,后面宾语,从句中,的虚拟语气形式不变,仍然用,过去式或过去完成式,.,有时在宾语从句中可用,would(might),+动词原形,表示有可能实现的愿望.,e.g.,I wish he would come,1.3虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,2.,用于,suggest,等动词后的,that,从句中:,句型:,suggest,demand,insist +that+,主语+(,should)+,动词原形,propose,order,advise,e.g.,They insisted that the work(should)be started,at once.,2.,表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议,，四个要求。,1.insist 2.order,command,3.advise,suggest,propose(recommend),4.demand,require,request,desire,should+,动词原形，或者将,should,省略。,1.4,虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的用法,用于,order,suggestion,demand,request,proposal,等名词后面的同位语从句和表语从句中,从句的谓语动词应用,should+,动词原形,should,可省略.,1)用于同位语从句中:,They received orders that they(should)start at once.,2)用于表语从句中,Her proposal is that we(should)rest for half an hour.,1.5,虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法,1)用于,as if/as though,引导的状语从句中:,如果表示与现在事实相反,用过去时;表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时.,They love the boy as if he were their own child.,She speaks as if she had been there before.,2),用于,lest(,惟恐)引导的状语从句,谓语多用(,should)+,动词原形.例如:,They spoke in whispers lest they(should)be heard.,1.6,虚拟语气在,It is(high)time(that),句中的用法,表示,“,该是,的时候了,”,从句里的谓语动词用过去式.例如:,It,s time you went to bed.,It,s time we left.,1.7,虚拟语气在,would rather that,句中的用法,Would rather,意为,“,宁愿,”,(,wish),从句里的谓语动词用,过去时表示现在和将来,用,过去完成时表示过去,.例如:,I would rather that you stayed with me.,I would rather that you hadn,t done it.,1.8,虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法,1)由介词短语引起虚拟语气.,Without electricity,there would not be modern industry.,But for your timely help,we could not have caught the thief.,2),由表示转折的连词引起虚拟语气.,I was too busy yesterday.Otherwise,I would have come to see you.,You should have handed in your term paper last week,but you didnt.,I didnt catch the bus,or I wouldnt have come late.,1.9用于,if only,感叹句中,If only,表示,“,但愿,”,“,要是,就好,”,它的用法和,I wish,基本相同.如与,would,连用,则表示一时很难实现的愿望.,If only he didn,t write so carelessly!,If only she had arrived in time.,If only the rain would stop!,虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,1.,假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做,错综条件虚拟语气,。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。,If you _ the teachers advice,you,_(be)in the hospital now.,had followed,wouldnt be,If I were you,I would have told,him the news yesterday.,(,从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反,),2.,有的句子既没有条件从句,也没有介词短语,表示条件,却含有条件含义,应注意虚拟语气的,使用,.,Im really busy;otherwise I would,certainly go with you.,(.;if I werent so busy,.,3.,假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有,should,，,were,，,had,三个助动词可以把,if,省略，并将这三个词提至句首。,If I were you,I would give it up.,_,I would give it up.,If it were not for,your advice,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,_,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,Were I you,Were it not for your advice,If I had had time,I would have run round that lake again.,_,I would have run round that lake again.,If there should be a flood,what should we do?,_,what should we do?,Had I had time,Should there be a flood,4.,可以用介词短语代替条件从句,:,Without your help,we shouldnt have,succeeded.,(=If it hadnt been for your help,.),But for the storm,we would have,arrived earlier.,(=If it hadnt been for the storm,.),二：虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用,Wish,的宾语从句,现在：,过去：,将来：,过去时（,were,）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V.should,I wish I _ a bird.,（现在）,I wish I _ such a mistake.,（过去）,We wish our parents _ us.,（将来）,were,hadnt made,wouldnt punish,2.,表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议,，四个要求。,1.insist 2.order,command,3.advise,suggest,propose(recommend),