单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,一 英语语法概要,Members of the sentence,1.The students of Class Four,are attentively reading the,book written by Lu Xun.,2.Behaviorists suggest that,the child who is raised in an,environment where there,are many stimuli which develop,his or her capacity for proper,responses will experience,greater intellectual,development.,分析,:(1),该句的主语为,behaviorists,谓语为,suggest,宾语为一个从句,因此整个句子为,Behaviorist,suggest that-clause,结构。,(2),在,suggest,的宾语从句中,主语为,child,谓语为,experience,宾语为,greater intellectual development.,故，整个一句话的意思就是：,行为主义者认为,如果儿童的,成长环境里有许多刺激因素,这些因素又有利于其适当反应,能力的发展,那么,儿童的智,力就会发展到较高的水平。,1.,主语（,Subject,）它是句子的主体，是“什么人，什么事，什么物”的问题。常由,n,pron,num,to-do,-ving,clause,担任。,.,Professor Wang,is a well-known scholar.,.,I,read English newspaper every day.,.,To become a professor,has been his ambition.,.,Smoking,is harmful to health.,(5),What we shall do next,is,not yet decided.,(6),Two thirds of the students,are the boys in our school.,(7),It,doesnt matter,whether,he will come or not.,2.,谓语（,Precicate,）它是说,明主语的动作或状态的部分,.,除了,特殊的倒装结构一般位于主语后。,His father,is,a fireman.,The children,laughed,.,We should,pay attention to,English idioms.,3.,宾语（,Object,）宾语是及物动词的对象和内容。不及物动词后不能接宾语。介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。可有,n,pron,num,或与之相当的结构担任。如：,(1)Would you mind,coming earlier tomorrow,?,(2)I dont know,where he has gone,.,(3)The sun gives,us light and warmth,.,4.,补语（,Complement,）用于补充说明主,语或宾补。常由,adj,n,或相当的结构充当。,.He doesnt believe the story,true,.,.The doctor advised her,to stay in bed for a week,.,.They saw her,walking into the bookstore.,(4)He was considered,to be the best player.,5.,表语（,Predicative,）它在联系动词之后表示主语的性质、特征、状态或身份的部分。可有,n,pron,adj,adv,num,to-do,-ving,clause,担任。如：,.Susan is always,careless,.,.Her job is,to look after the children.,.His job is,teaching you how to use the machine,.,.The key question is,how we should solve the problem,.,6.,定语（,Attributive,）用来限定或,修饰名词或代词。通常由形容词或与,之相当的结构担任。,它可以是一个词或是几个词或者,一个词组，或者是个句子。位置比较,灵活，可在名词前后。,(1)The,yellow,bike is mine.,(2)A very,valuable,bronze,Egyptian,cat.,(3)The man,who gave us a,report yesterday,was a,model worker.,(4)This is a book,which,tells rocket technology,.,(5)After all,he is a,five-,year-old,boy.,(6)Commerce,with other,countries,is very important,to us.,(7)Please give me a knife,to,cut with.,(8)The boy,tired,hungery,and thirsty,fell down on the,beach.,7,状语,(Adverbial),用来修饰动,词,形容词,副词或整个句子,.,它常,由副词或与之相当的结构担任。,(1)Rose speaks English,quite well,.,(2)He went to France,to,learn French,.,(3),If I have some spare,time,I will take up German.,(4),When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.,(5),The children ran away,from the orchard,the moment,they saw the guard.,8.,同位语,它位于名词或名词性短,语之后，说明其内容。常由名词、,名词性短语或从句担任。如：,(1)The future belongs to,you,young people,.,(2)A year is divided into,four seasons,spring,summer,autumn and,winter.,句子的种类,一 按照用途分为四类：,1.,陈述句（肯定或否定）如：,(1)We love our motherland.,(2)As they say,when the,age is in,the wit is out.,(3)We cant live without air,and water.,2.,疑问句 用来提出问题，它又可,分为四类,:,一般疑问句,(1)Do they like playing PC,games?,-Yes,they do.,(2)Have you a wrist watch?,-No,I havent.,特殊疑问句,(1)Who is singing in the,next dormitory?,(2)What are you doing now?,(3),Why,do they like,playing,golf?,(4),When,did you get,the,very job?,选择疑问句,/,反义疑问句,(1)Shall we go by bus or by,train?,(2)Do you love chess or,snooker?,(3)Peter smokes a lot,doesnt,he?,(4)Linda isnt a college student,is she?,3.,祈使句,(1)Copy the exercise in your,notebook.,(2)Dont be afraid of making,grammatical mistakes.,(3)Lets take the child to,the park!,4.,感叹句,(1),What a place it is!,(2)What nonsense!,(3)How foolish they are!,(4)How hard he studies!,(5)How beautiful your,T-shirt is!,二 按照用途分为简单句、并列句,和复合句。,1.,简单句,SV,.Everybody laughed.,.Prices are going up.,.The guests have arrived.,SVC,.He is in good health.,.These flowers smell,fragrant.,.My brother has become,an engineer.,SVO,.I want a return ticket.,.Nobody could answer the question.,.The train is building up speed.,SvoO,.I taught,you,English grammar.,.Someone left,you,this note.,.David showed,me,the way,.,SVOC,.We elected him our spokesman.,.They painted the walls creamy white.,.The directors appointed him sales manager.,2.,并列句（,Compound Sentence,）,它包括两个或两个以上并列而又,相互独立的简单句。其结构为,“,SP+,连词,+SP”,。,连接两个概念 常见的,and,so,therefore,not,onlybut(also),neither,nor,等。如：,(1)I think,therefore I,exist.,(2)She not only writes her,own plays,she also acts in,them.,(3)He neither speaks,English,nor understands it.,表示两者选其一 常见的有,or,otherwise,or else,eitheror.,如：,(1)Either he is to blame or,I am.,(2)You must go to work or/or else/otherwise you will lose your job.,表示矛盾或对照 常见的有,but,yet,still,however,while,whereas,等。,(1)Although she felt ill,she,still went to work.,(2)I drink black coffee,while he prefers it with,cream.,3.,复合句（,Complex Sentence,）,它由一个主句和一个或一个以上的,从句构成。如：,(1)I was about to leave,when,the telephone rang.,(2)The students would have,made better grades if they,had studied hard.,并列复合句,指的是并列句中含有一个或多个从,句。如：,(1),Altogether Beethoven,wrote nine symphonies,but,most of them were written,after h