Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,中国细菌,(xjn),耐药性监测,-,CHINET,监测,(,2009,年),参加单位,(dnwi),上海华山医院,上海瑞金医院,北京协和医院,卫生部北京医院,浙医一附院,上海儿科医院,湖北同济医院,广州医学院一附院,上海市儿童医院,重庆医大一附院,甘肃省人民医院,(yyun),新疆医大一附院,安徽医科大学一附院,昆明医学院一附院,第一页,共四十三页。,前言,(qin yn),细菌耐药性已成为全球医疗领域中最受关注的问题,世界范围内有许多,(xdu),著名的细菌耐药性监测网:,EARSS MYSTIC SENTRY JAARM NNIS PROTEKT,国内也已有多个地区组成的耐药监测网进行该项工作,监测方案、实验材料、方法和判断标准各不相同,导致耐药监测结果缺乏可比性,难以汇总、分析和总结,2009,年我院与国内开展此项工作多年的,14,所医院按照统一的试验方案、采用统一的材料、方法和判断标准,进行细菌耐药性监测以期获得统一、准确、代表性较广的监测数据,供医疗、制药、卫生保健部门参考。,第二页,共四十三页。,材料,(cilio),细菌,2009.1.1,日,12.31,日临床分离株,剔除同一,(tngy),患者相同部位的重复菌株,按统一方案进行抗菌药物敏感试验,培养基,药敏试验用,MH,琼脂,为,oxoid,公司商品。,第三页,共四十三页。,材料,(cilio),抗菌药物纸片,抗菌药物纸片,(,包括头孢他啶克拉维酸、头孢噻肟克拉维酸纸片,),和头孢硝噻吩纸片为,BBL,公司或,Oxoid,公司商品。,卡他莫拉菌药敏试验用琼脂,(qingzh),稀释法做。,第四页,共四十三页。,方法,(fngf),药敏试验,采用纸片扩散法进行,(Kirby-bauer),质控菌:大肠埃希菌,ATCC 25922,,铜绿,(tngl),假单胞菌,ATCC 27853,,金葡菌,ATCC 25923,,肺炎链球菌,ATCC 49619,和流感嗜血杆菌,ATCC 49247,。,药敏试验结果按,CLSI 2008,年版判断结果,内酰胺酶检测,头孢硝噻吩纸片法定性检测流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌中的,内酰胺酶,CLSI 2008,年版推荐的,ESBL,纸片筛选和酶抑制剂增强纸片确证法测定大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、产酸克雷伯菌和奇异变形杆菌中产,ESBLs,株。,第五页,共四十三页。,方法,(fngf),青霉素不敏感,(mngn),肺炎链球菌的检测,1,m,g/,片苯唑西林纸片测定肺炎链球菌的抑菌圈,直径,19mm,者用青霉素,E,试验条进一步测定其,MIC,耐万古霉素肠球菌的检测:,凡万古霉素纸片扩散法结果为非敏感的菌株,用万古霉素,E,试验条加以确认,并用,PCR,扩增,vanA,、,vanB,、,vanC,等基因证实。,结果判断和数据分析,CLSI 2009,版判断药敏试验结果,采用,WHONET5.5,软统计分析数据。,第六页,共四十三页。,2009,年,CHINET,监测网各医院,(yyun),的菌株数,医院,革兰阴性菌,革兰阳性菌,医院,革兰阴性菌,革兰阳性菌,华山医院,3501,1085,儿科医院,2382,1650,瑞金医院,2980,1235,儿童医院,1600,1157,协和医院,2571,1308,重庆医大一附院,1158,280,同济医院,3504,1471,甘肃省人民医院,1135,415,浙医一附院,4185,1776,新疆医大一附院,1138,386,北京医院,1510,473,安徽医科大学一附院,2021,660,广医一附院,1684,393,昆明医学院一附院,1633,379,合计,31002,12668,71.0%,29.0%,第七页,共四十三页。,2009,年,CHINET,监测网临床分离菌在门诊和住院患者,(hunzh),中的分布,住院,(zh yun),患者,(,87.5,),(,38196/43670,),门诊患者,(,12.5,),(,5474/43670,),第八页,共四十三页。,2009,年,CHINET,监测网临床分离菌在各类标本,(biobn),中的分布,呼吸道标本,(biobn),(,49.7,),尿液标本,(biobn),(,19.9,),血液标本,(,10.8,),伤口脓液(,5.3,),无菌体液(,4.8,),生殖道分泌物(,1.7,),粪便标本(,0.6,),其他(,7.2,),第九页,共四十三页。,CHINET,耐药监测,(jin c),革兰阴性菌菌种分布,细菌,株数,细菌,株数,大肠埃希菌,7992,25.8,金杆菌属,208,0.67,克雷伯菌属,4959,16.0,摩根菌属,146,0.47,铜绿假单胞菌,4912,15.8,产碱杆菌,113,0.36,不动杆菌属,4796,15.5,气单胞菌属,113,0.36,肠杆菌属,1684,5.4,沙门菌属,99,0.32,嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌,1656,5.3,罗尔斯顿菌属,76,0.25,变形杆菌属,907,2.9,志贺菌属,74,0.24,流感嗜血杆菌,894,2.9,普罗威登菌属,37,0.12,沙雷菌属,389,1.3,博特菌属,36,0.12,柠檬酸杆菌属,345,1.1,多源菌属,32,0.10,其他假单胞菌,336,1.1,丛毛单胞菌,24,0.08,其他嗜血杆菌,311,1.0,奈瑟菌属,13,0.04,伯克霍尔德菌属,304,0.98,黄杆菌属,12,0.04,莫拉菌属,236,0.76,其他,298,0.96,合计,31002,100.0,第十页,共四十三页。,CHINET,耐药监,测,测,(ji,nc),革兰阳,性,性菌菌,种,种分布,细菌,株数,金葡菌,4114,32.5,肠球菌属,3769,29.8,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,2600,20.5,(血液脑脊液等无菌体液),肺炎链球菌,1006,7.9,溶血性链球菌,681,5.4,草绿色链球菌(血液及无菌体液),151,1.2,其他,347,2.7,合计,12668,100.0,第十一,页,页,共,四,四十三,页,页。,2009,年,CHINET,监测网,各,各医院,(yyun),金葡菌,MR,菌株检,出,出率,医院,金黄色葡萄球菌,医院,金黄色葡萄球菌,MR,株数,/,总株数,(,%,),MR,株数,/,总株数,(,%,),华山医院,406/548,74.1,上海儿科医院,/,29/341,8.5,瑞金医院,270/432,62.5,上海儿童医院,/,74/323,22.9,协和医院,168/417,40.3,重庆医大一附院,/,73/118,61.9,同济医院,355/562,63.2,甘肃省人民医院,/,83/153,54.2,浙医一附院,135/271,49.8,新疆医大一附院,/,62/132,47.0,广州一附院,45/134,33.6,安徽医大一附院,95/194,49.0,北京医院,224/286,78.3,昆明医大一附院,148/203,72.9,总计,2167/4114,52.7,两家儿童医院,MRSA,检出率低,第十二,页,页,共,四,四十三,页,页。,2009,年,CHINET,监测网,各,各医院,凝,凝固,(nngg,),酶,(-),葡萄球,菌,菌,MR,菌株检,出,出率,医院,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,医院,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,MR,株数,/,总株数,(,%,),MR,株数,/,总株数,(,%,),华山医院,35/42,83.3,上海儿科医院,/,198/433,/,45.7,瑞金医院,109/139,78.4,上海儿童医院,/,310/353,87.8,协和医院,147/213,69.0,重庆医大一附院,/,33/38,86.8,同济医院,246/273,90.1,甘肃省人民医院,/,104/138,75.4,浙医一附院,570/814,70.0,新疆医大一附院,/,12/20,60.0,广州一附院,19/23,82.6,安徽医大一附院,134/187,71.7,北京医院,17/26,65.4,昆明医大一附院,33/46,71.7,总计,1967/2745,71.7,第十三,页,页,共,四,四十三,页,页。,MSSA(1755,株,),与,MRSA(2167,株,),的耐药,率,率(,%,),MRSA,的耐药,率,率,MSSA,81%,、,73%,的菌株,对,对,TMP/SMZ,、磷霉,素,素敏感,(mngn),MSSA,对,内酰胺,酶,酶、,TMP/SMZ,、磷霉,素,素、利,福,福平和,左,左氧氟,沙,沙星的,耐,耐药率,10%,无万古,霉,霉素、,利,利奈唑,胺,胺和替,考,考拉宁,耐,耐药株,第十四,页,页,共,四,四十三,页,页。,MSCNS(730,株,),和,MRCNS(1967,株,),的耐药,率,率(,%,),MRCNS,的耐药,率,率,MSCNS,MRCNS,的耐药,率,率,MRSA,,但对,TMP/SMZ,相反,(xi,ngfn),(,61%/18.4%,),,有,90%,、,70%,菌株对,利,利福平,、,、磷霉,素,素敏感,无万古,霉,霉素、,利,利奈唑,胺,胺和替,考,考拉宁,耐,耐药株,第十五,页,页,共,四,四十三,页,页。,2009,年,14,家医院,(yyun),粪肠球,菌,菌,(1764,株,),和屎肠,球,球菌,(1605,株,),的耐药,率,率(,%,),屎肠球,菌,菌耐药,率,率粪,肠,肠球菌,,,,但对,氯,氯霉素,反,反之,(fnzh,),。,粪肠球,菌,菌对呋,喃,喃妥因,、,、磷霉,素,素耐药,率,率低,少数屎,肠,肠球菌,、,、粪肠,球,球菌对,万,万古霉,素,素、替,考,考拉宁,和,和利奈,唑,唑胺耐,药,药,第十六,页,页,共,四,四十三,页,页。,2009,年,14,家医院,(yyun),649,株,溶血性,链,链球菌,的,的耐药,率,率(,%,),抗菌药物,A,(,265,),B,(,264,),C,(,68,),G,(,33,),F,(16),草链*,(,151,),青霉素,0.4,1.7,4.8,0.0,0.0,13.2,红霉素,82.1,57.6,61.8,60.6,62.5,61.0,克林霉素,66.5,47.1,62.1,68.8,50.0,58.3,头孢呋辛,0.0,0.9,0.0,0.0,0.0,8.0,头孢丙烯,0.0,6.9,0.0,0.0,0.0,21.4,头孢噻肟,2.9,7.0,8.9,0.0,16.7,12.4,头孢曲松,3.7,12.0,12.9,3.3,13.3,14.3,万古霉素,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,利奈唑胺,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,左氧氟沙星,0.8,29.8,3.8,0.0,0.0,20.0,*草链,系,系分离,自,自血液,、,、脑脊,液,液等无,菌,菌体液,标,标本,对青霉,素,素仍极,敏,敏感,(mngn),,但草,链,链耐药,率,率上升,(,(,4.5%13%,),红霉,素,素、克,林,林霉素,耐,耐药率,高,高,对第,三,三代头,孢,孢菌素,有,有少数,耐,耐药株,无利,奈,奈唑胺,耐,耐药株,第十七,页,页,共,四,四十三,页,页。,2009,年,CHINET,监测网,各,各医院,(yyun),产,ESBL,菌株检,出,出率,医院,大肠埃希菌,肺克和产酸,奇异变形杆菌,产,ESBLs,株数,/,总株数,(,%,