单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/3/8,#,2024/11/19,1,一、句子成分,（一）句子成分的定义：,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。,句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；,主要成分有,主语,和,谓语,；,次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。,2023/9/141一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：,2024/11/19,2,（,二）主语：,主语,(Subject),表示句子说的是什么人或什么事,.,是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由,名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句,等表示。例如：,2023/9/142（二）主语：主语(Subject),2024/11/19,3,1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.,2.We often speak English in class.,（名词）,（代词）,2023/9/1431.During the 1990s,2024/11/19,4,（三）谓语,谓语,(Predicate),说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：,He practices running every morning.,The plane took off at ten oclock.,2023/9/144（三）谓语 谓语(Predicate),2024/11/19,5,（四）表语,表语,(Predicative),用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如,be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem,等）之后。,表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：,2023/9/145（四）表语 表语(Predicative,2024/11/19,6,1.Our teacher of English is an,American,.,（名词）,2.Is it,yours,?,（代词）,3.The weather has turned,cold,.,（形容词）,4.The speech is,exciting.,（分词）,5.Three times seven is,twenty one,?,（数词）,2023/9/1461.Our teacher of Eng,2024/11/19,7,（五）宾语,宾语（,Object,）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：,1.He is doing his homework.,2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.,（名词）,（代词、动名词）,2023/9/147（五）宾语 宾语（Object）表示动作,2024/11/19,8,（六）宾语补足语,宾语补足语（,Object Complement,），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：,2023/9/148（六）宾语补足语 宾语补足语（Objec,2024/11/19,9,1.His father named him Xiaoming.,2.They painted their boat white.,3.Let the fresh air in.,（名词）,（形容词）,（副词）,2023/9/1491.His father named h,2024/11/19,10,（七）定语,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语,(Attribute),。,定语通常有两种：,前置定语,和,后置定语,前置定语：,1.Guilin is a,beautiful,city.,（形容词,）,2.China is a,developing,country;America is a,developed,country.,（分词,）,3.There are thirty,women,teachers in our school.,（名词）,4.His,rapid progress in English made us surprised.,（代词）,2023/9/1410（七）定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或,2024/11/19,11,后置定语：,5.Our monitor is always the first,to enter the classroom,.,（不定式短语）,6.He is reading an article,about how to learn English,.,（介词短语）,7.She is the girl,who sings best in my class,.,(,定语从句,),2023/9/1411后置定语：,2024/11/19,12,（八）状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（,Adverbial,）。可由以下形式表示：,1.Light travels most quickly.,2.He has lived in the city for ten years.,3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.,（副词及副词性词组）,（介词短语）,（不定式短语）,2023/9/1412（八）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整,2024/11/19,13,句子成分详解表,句子成分,意义,充当词类,例句,主语,表示句子说的是什么人或什么,事,名，代，数，不定,式，动名词，短语或,句子,We study in HuangQiao Middle,School.,谓语,说明主语做什么，是什么或怎,么样,动词或动词词组,She is dancing under the tree.,宾语,表示动作行为的对象,同主语,Both of us like English.,表语,与联系动词连用，一起构成谓,语，说明主语的性质或特征,同主语,Her father is a chemist.,His words sound reasonable.,定语,用来修饰名词或代词,形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子,We have eight lessons every day.,状语,修饰动词，形容词，副词，表,示动作发生的时间，地点，原,因，目的，方式，结果等,副词，介词短语或句,子,He works very hard.,They held a party in Hollywood.,宾语,补足语,逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系,形容词，名词，介词,短语等,She always keeps the house,clean.,主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！,2023/9/1413句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句,2024/11/19,14,高中英语五种基本句型,2023/9/1414高中英语五种基本句型,2024/11/19,15,英语基本句型,-1,主系表结构,本结构是由,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,组成，主要用以说明主 语的,特征，类属，状态，身份,等，系动词有,:,1.,表示特征和存在状态的,be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound,;,2,.,表示状态延续的,remain,stay,keep,continue,stand,；,3,.,表示状态变化的,become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow,;,2023/9/1415英语基本句型-1主系表结构,2024/11/19,16,Our English teacher is,thirty years old.,The cake tastes,delicious.,We feel,used to living in big cities,.,The potatoes went,bad,in the fields.,Their boss seems,satisfied with the work.,Deep water stays,still.,2023/9/1416Our English teacher,2024/11/19,17,英语基本句型,-2,主谓结构,本结构是由,主语,+,不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。,如：,The sun rises.Tom has already left.,主语,可有修饰语,-,定语,，,谓语,可有修饰语,-,状语,。,如,:,1.The,red,sun rises,in the east.,2023/9/1417英语基本句型-2主谓结构如:1.T,2024/11/19,18,英语基本句型,-3,主谓宾结构,本结构是由,主语,+,及物的谓语动词,+,宾语构成,。,1.Tom made,a hole,in the wall.,2.I dont know,him,.,3.She stopped,teaching English,two years ago.,2023/9/1418英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构 本结,2024/11/19,19,句型英语基本,-4,双宾语结构,说明：此结构由“,主语,+,及物谓语动词,+,间接宾语（人）,+,直接宾语（事物）”,组成。如：,He brings me cookies every day.,但若要,先说出直接宾语（事物），,后说间接宾语,（人），则要借助于介词,to,或,for,。如：,He brings cookies to me every day.,She made a beautiful dress for me.,2023/9/1419句型英语基本-4 双宾语结构,2024/11/19,20,英语基本句型,-5,复合宾语结构,说明,:,此结构由“,主语,+,及物的谓语动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语”,构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有,逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。,The sun keeps us,warm.,I heard him,singing.,You must get your hair,cut.,They made Tom,monitor.,He used to do his homework with his radio,on,.,2023/9/1420英语基本句型-5 复合宾语结构,