,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,5.2,平面直角坐标系,教学目标:,(,1,)理解平面直角坐标系的有关概念,能正确画出,直角坐标系。,(,2,)能在平面直角坐标系中,根据坐标找出点,由,点求出坐标。,(3),了解平面内的点与有序实数对之间的一一对应,关系。,教学重点:,平面直角坐标系及其有关概念,根据坐,标找点,由点求坐标。,教学难点:,坐标平面内特殊位置的点的坐标特征。,引入新课,0,1,2,3,4,-3,-2,-1,原点,利用“数轴”来确定点的位置(坐标),A,数轴上的点 实数(坐标),一一对应,3,1,4,2,5,-2,-4,-1,-3,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,3,1,4,2,5,-2,-4,-1,-3,3,1,4,2,5,-2,-4,-1,-3,3,1,4,2,5,-2,-4,-1,-3,平面坐标系,平面,直角,坐标系,3,1,4,2,5,-2,-4,-1,-3,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,x,横轴,y,纵轴,第,一,象限,第,四,象限,第,三,象限,第,二,象限,注 意,:,坐标轴上的点不属于任何象限。,(,),(,),(,),(,),A,3,1,4,2,5,-2,-4,-1,-3,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,x,横轴,y,纵轴,A,点在,x,轴上的坐标为,3,A,点在,y,轴上的坐标为,2,A,点在平面直角坐标系中,的坐标为,(3,2),记作:,A,(,3,,,2,),X,轴上的坐标,写在前面,B,B,(,-4,,,1,),B,3,1,4,2,5,-2,-4,-1,-3,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,y,纵轴,C,A,E,D,(2,,,3),(3,,,2),(-2,,,1),(-4,,,-3),(1,,,-2),例,1,、写出图中,A,、,B,、,C,、,D,、,E,各点的坐标。,x,横轴,坐标是,有序,的实数对。,x,横轴,3,1,4,2,5,-2,-4,-1,-3,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,x,横轴,y,纵轴,B,A,D,C,例,2,、在直角坐标系中,描出下列各点:,A,(,4,,,3,)、,B,(,-2,,,3,)、,C,(,-4,,,-1,)、,D,(,2,,,-2,)、,E,(,0,,,-3,)、,F,(,5,,,0,),.,E,.,F,坐标平面上的点,P,有序实数对(,a,b,),一一对应,讲 台,王 敏,m,(,4,,,6,),列,行,1,2,3,4,6,2,8,4,10,5,0,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,P,思考:满足下列条件的点,P,(,a,,,b,),具有什么特征?,(,1,)当点,P,分别落在第一象限、第二象限、第三象限、第四象限时,P,P,P,(,+,,,+,),(,,+,),(,),(,+,,),x,y,阶梯训练一,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,思考:满足下列条件的点,P,(,a,,,b,),具有什么特征?,(,2,)当点,P,落在,X,轴、,Y,轴上呢?,点,P,落在原点上呢?,x,y,阶梯训练一,(,0,,,b,),P,(,a,,,0,),P,(,0,,,0,),任何一个在,x,轴,上的点,的,纵坐标,都为,0,。,任何一个在,y,轴,上的点的,横坐标,都为,0,。,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,思考:满足下列条件的点,P,(,a,,,b,),具有什么特征?,(,3,)当点,P,落在一、三象限的两条坐标轴,夹角平分线上时,x,y,阶梯训练一,(,a,,,a,),P,P,a=b,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,思考:满足下列条件的点,P,(,a,,,b,),具有什么特征?,(,4,)当点,P,落在二、四象限的两条坐标轴,夹角平分线上时,x,y,阶梯训练一,P,P,(,a,,,-a,),a=,b,例,3,:填空,若点,A,(,a,b,)在第三象限,则点,Q,(,a+1,,,b,5),在第()象限。,2.,若点,B,(,m+4,m,1),在,X,轴上,则,m=_,。,3.,若点,C(x,y),满足,x+y0,,,则点,C,在第()象限。,4.,若点,D(6,5m,m,2,2),在第二、四象限夹角,的平分线上,则,m=,()。,四,1,三,1,或者,4,3,1,4,2,-2,-1,-3,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,x,y,P,o,P,x,点,P,(,4,,,-3,)关于,X,轴对称的点的坐标是:,关于,Y,轴对称的点的坐标是:,关于原点对称的点的坐标是:,P,P,y,(,4,,,3,),(,-4,,,-3,),(,-4,,,3,),基础训练二,3,1,4,2,-2,-1,-3,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,x,y,P,o,P,x,点,P,(,a,,,b,)关于,X,轴对称的点的坐标是:,关于,Y,轴对称的点的坐标是:,关于原点对称的点的坐标是:,P,P,y,(,a,,,-b,),(,-a,,,b,),(,-a,,,-b,),阶梯训练二,例,4,:,已知点,P,1,(a,,,3),与点,P,2,(-2,,,b),关于,Y,轴,对称,则,a=(),b=(),已知点,P,1,(a,,,3),与点,P,2,(-2,,,b),关于,X,轴,对称,则,a=(),b=(),已知点,P,1,(a,,,3),与点,P,2,(-2,,,b),关于,原点,对称,则,a=(),b=(),2 3,-2 -3,2 -3,例,5,:求边长为,4,的正方形,ABCD,的各顶点的坐标,A,B,C,D,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,4,-4,x,y,A,B,C,D,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,4,-4,x,y,A,B,C,D,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,4,-4,x,y,A,B,C,D,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,4,-4,x,y,A,B,C,D,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,4,-4,x,y,A,B,C,D,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,4,-4,x,y,A,B,C,D,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,4,-4,x,y,A,B,C,D,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,4,-4,x,y,A,B,C,D,0,1,2,3,4,5,-4,-3,-2,-1,3,1,2,-2,-1,-3,4,-4,x,y,A,B,C,D,能力训练,已知边长为,4,的正方形,ABCD,,在直角坐标系中,,C,、,D,两点在第二象限,,AB,与,X,轴的交角为,60,,求,C,点的坐标。,可见:,选取的坐标系不同,同一点的坐标不同;,为使计算简化,证明方便,需要恰当地,选取坐标系;,“恰当”意味着要充分利用图形的特点:,垂直关系、对称关系、平行关系、中点,等。,本节课我们学习了平面直角坐标系。,学习本节我们要掌握以下三方面的内容:,1,、怎样建立平面直角坐标系,2,、能在直角坐标系中,根据坐标找出点,,由点求出坐标。,3,、坐标平面分为哪几部分?各有什么特征?,4,、对称点的坐标有何规律?,作业:,P137 1,、,2,(作业本),