单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,英语,8,种基本时态讲解,英语8种基本时态讲解,?,一概念:英语中表示,不同时,间发生的动作或存在的状态,,,需用不同的动词形式表示,这,种,不同的动词形式称为时态,。,?一概念:英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,需用不,?,?,?,?,?,二种类:(基本时态),一般,现在,时,一般,过去,时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在完成时,过去完成时,?二种类:(基本时态)一般现在时一般过去时现在进行,1,一般现在时:,?,句型结构:主语,.,(包括,be,动词),宾语其他成分,?,当主语是第三人称单数时,,动词词尾加,-,s,或,-es,?,1),表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态。,?,He,has,breakfast at 6:00,every day.,1一般现在时:?句型结构:主语.(包括be动词)宾语,?,?,?,?,2),表客观现实和普遍真理。,The sun,always rises,in the east.,3),表,永远性的动作或状态,。,He,lives,in the country.,?2)表客观现实和普遍真理。The sun alway,?,注意:,?,一般现在时通常与,always,often,usually,等,频度副词,以及,every day,sometimes,once a week,等,时间状,语,连用。,?,I,always,watch TV at 8:00 in the,evening.,?,They go home,once a week.,?注意:?一般现在时通常与always,often,?,?,?,?,?,?,第三人称单数变化形式。,a),一般情况动词在词尾加,-s.,come-comes speak-speaks,b),以,o,s,x,ch,sh,结尾,的单词在词后,加,es,.,do-does go-goes finish-finishes,fix-fixes pass-passes watch-watches,?第三人称单数变化形式。a)一般情况动词在词尾加-,?,c),以,辅音字母,y,结尾的单词变,y,为,i,加,-es,.,?,Study-studies,carry-carries,?,d),以,元音字母,y,结尾的单词,直接加,-s,.,?,play-plays stay-stays,?c)以辅音字母y结尾的单词变y为i加-es.?Study,?,否定,句和,疑问,句。,?,a)-He,is,an engineer.,?,-He,isn,t,an engineer.,?,-,Is,he an engineer?,?,-Yes,he,is,./No,he,isn,t.,?否定句和疑问句。?a)-He isan engin,?,否定,句和,疑问,句。,?,b)-We,get up,at 7:30 in the morning.,-We,don,t get up,at 7:30 in the morning.,?,-,Do,you get up at 7:30 in the morning?,?,-Yes,we,do,./No,we,don,t.,?否定句和疑问句。?b)-We get up at 7,?,?,?,?,c)-He,likes,music.,-He,doesn,t like,music.,-,Does,he like music?,-Yes,he,does.,/No,he,doesn,t,.,?c)-He likesmusic.-He,?,2,一般过去时,?,表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,,通常与表示过去的时间状语如,yesterday,last night,some years ago,in 1990,in,those days.,等连用。,?,I was a student,6years ago,.,?,I went to Beijing,last year,.,?2一般过去时?表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,通常与表,?,句型结构:主语,.,过去时,宾,语其他成分,?,They saw a film,last night,.,?句型结构:主语.过去时宾语其他成分?They sa,?,?,?,?,?,否定句和疑问句。,a)-He,was,busy,yesterday.,-He,wasn,t,busy.,-,Was,he busy?,-Yes,he,was.,/No,he,wasn,t.,?否定句和疑问句。a)-He wasbusy,?,b)-He,smoked last year.,?,-He,didn,t smoke,last year.,?,-,Did,he smoke last year?,?,-Yes,he,did,./No,he,didn,t,.,?b)-He smoked last year.?-,?,?,?,?,c)-He,joined,the army,in 1990.,-He,didn,t joined,the army in 1990.,-,Did,he join the army in 1990?,-Yes,he,did,./No,he,didn,t,.,?c)-He joinedthe army in,?,?,?,?,?,4,)动词过去式变化规则。,a),一般情况下的词加,-ed.,work-worked call-called,b),以,不发音的字母,e,结尾的单词直接加,-d,.,live-lived change-changed smoke-,-smoked die-died,graduate-,graduated drive-drove,?4)动词过去式变化规则。a)一般情况下的词加-ed,?,c),以,辅音字母,y,结尾的单词,,变,y,为,i,加,-ed.,?,study-studied carry-carried,cry-cried try-tried,?,d),以,元音字母,y,结尾的单词,直接,加,-ed.,?,play-played stay-stayed,?c)以辅音字母y结尾的单词,变y为i加-ed.?stud,?,e),以,元音辅音结尾,的单词应先,双,写这个辅音字母然后再加,-ed,.,?,stop-stopped plan-planned,pat-patted,?e)以元音辅音结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-e,?,f),动词,不规则变化,:,?,do-did go-went come-came,run-ran,?,begin-began drink-drank keep-,-kept,?,cut-cut set-set let-let,?f)动词不规则变化:?do-did go-,?,3,一般将来时,?,表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,,常与表将来的时间状语,tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next Sunday,soon,in a few days,等,连用。,?3一般将来时?表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表将来,?,句型结构:主语,will/shall,V.,原形,(第一人称用,shall,),?,I,shall,go to Shanghai tomorrow.,?,They,will,have a meeting next week.,?,-She,will,be 20 years old.,?句型结构:主语will/shallV.原形(第一人,?,?,?,?,be(am,is,are)going to+,动词原形,They are going to have a meeting next Sunday.,be,going,to,和,will,的区别,be,going,to,表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,,will,表示的将来时间则较远一些。,?,He,is,going,to,write,a,letter,tonight.,?,He,will,write,a,book,one,?be(am,is,are)going to+动词,?,be,going,to,含有“,打算,准备,”的,意思,而,will,则,没有这个意思,,,?,She,is,going,to,lend,us,her,book.,?,He,will,be,here,in,half,an,hour.,?begoingto含有“打算,准备”的意思,而will则没,?,be about to,V.,原形,(意为,马上做,某事,在时间上指,最近的将来,),?,I am about to leave school.,?,不能与表示时间的副词连用。,?,They are about to set out.(),?,They are about to set out,soon.(,),?be about toV.原形(意为马上做某事,在时间上,4,过去将来时,?,过去将来时是,立足于过去,某时,从,过去的观点,看将要,发生的动作或状,态。,主要用于宾语从句中。,4过去将来时?过去将来时是立足于过去某时,从过去的观点看将,?,基本结构:主语,+would/should/,was/were going to+V.,原形,+,?,He said that he,would have,a meeting,next week,.,?,They said we,should leave,school,tomorrow.,?基本结构:主语+would/should/was/wer,?,5,现在进行时,?,现在进行时表示,现在或现在这段时间,正在进行的动作,。通常与,now,at,present,等时间状语连用。,?5现在进行时?现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的,?,基本结构:主语,+be(am,is,are)+v-ing+,其他成分,?,You,are listening,to me carefully now.,?,She,is writing,a letter this year.,?,Look!They,are dancing,.,?,We,are studying,English at present.,?,It,s raining,hard now.,?基本结构:主语+be(am,is,are)+v-in,?,6.,过去进行时,?,表示,过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正,在进行的动作,,,通常与,at 6:00,yesterday,at this/that time yesterday,when,引导的时间状语等连用。,?6.过去进行时?表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动,?,基本结构,主语,+be(was/were)+v-,ing+,其他成分,?,It was raining,at 7:00 the day before,yesterday.,?,They were building,a reservoir at,this time last winter.,?基本结构主语+be(was/were)+v-ing+,?,7.,现在完成时,?,表示,过去发生的动作,对,现在造成的,影响,。,?,Ive finished,this work.,?,He,has ever been,to Australia.,?7.现在完成时?表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。?I,?,表示,过去某时间已经开始一直持续,到现在的动作,或状态通常与下列时,间状语连用,up to now,in the past,recently,by,for 5 years,since,1994,so far,already,yet,ever,just,?表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态通常与下列,?,基本结构,主语,+have/has+P.P(,动,词过去分词,),?,I,hav