单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Non-finite Verb,1.to do 2.-ing 3.done,非谓语动词复习专题,Non-finite Verb1.to do 2.-i,1,1.谓语动词：,概述：,2.非谓语词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分,非谓语动词讲解一：谓语动词与非谓语动词,判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法,1.,She got off the bus,_,(leave)her handbag on her seat.,2.,She got off the bus,but,_,(leave)her handbag on her seat.,leaving,left,1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语词：在句子中担任谓语的动词是,2,非谓语动词使用条件,一个句子,当中，,已经存在一个,主句,（谓语动词）,又没有,连词,的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。,1.The man took out the key,_(open)the door,and entered the room.,2.The man sat there,_(read)a book.,3._(work)hard,and you will succeed.,4.The question _(discuss)at the meeting,yesterday is of great importance.,5._(improve)his spoken English,Mr.Zhang,goes to the English corner every Saturday.,opened,reading,Work,discussed,To improve,非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,3,非谓语,不定式（to do),分词,动名词（-,ing,),过去分词(-,ed,),现在分词(-,ing,),v,-ing,v,-ed,非谓语动词讲解二：构成,非谓语不定式（to do)分词动名词（-ing)过去分词(-,4,动词不定式的基本形式,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,完成式,进行式,to do,to be done,to have done,to have been done,to be doing,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成,有时为了强调也可用never,动词不定式的基本形式主动语态被动语态一般式完成式进行式,5,不定式时态的用法,1.,不定式的动作与谓语动词,同时发生时，或之后,发生,用一般时态,1)He wanted,_,(see)you.,2)I hope,_,(see)you again.,to see,to see,to be reading,to have written,to have been working,4.强调动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，并可能持续下 去时，用完成进行式,She is said,(work)on the problem for many years.,3.,强调不定式的动作,在谓语动词之前,发生时，用不定式完成时,He is said _(write)a novel last year.,2.,强调不定式的动作,正在进行时,，用进行时态,When I came in,he pretended,(read)a book.,不定式时态的用法 1.不定式的动作与谓语,6,分词的基本形式,被动语态,完成式,主动语态,一般式,过去分词,现在分词,doing,being done,having,done,having,been done,done,及物动词（do),不及物动词(go),主动语态,having gone,gone,going,分词的基本形式被动语态完成式 主动语态一般式过去分词现在分词,7,3）否定形式“not+分词”。,Not having found her child,the mother was very worried.,注意,1),现在分词,一般式,表示和,谓语动词,所表示的动作,同时发生或此时正在进行的行为,；,完成式,（having+过去分词)表示在,谓语动词,所表示的动作,之前发生,的动作。,Seeing from here,we can have a good view of the Birds Nest.,Having finished the lessons,all the students went back home.,2),过去分词,表示在,谓语动词,的动作,之前发生,，本身表示,被动含义，没有完成式,。,3）否定形式“not+分词”。注意1)现在分词See,8,非谓语,动词,主语,宾语,表语,定语,宾补,状语,不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词,非谓语动词讲解三：句法作用,非谓语主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词,9,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing,is foolish。,I want,to see you this evening,All you have to do is,to finish it quickly.,We found a house,to live in,.,She came here,to study English,.,I warned the patient not,to drink cold water,after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,动词不定式To do that sort of thing,10,动词不定式,动词-ing 形式,动词过去分词,一般式,to do,doing,done,一般被动式,to be done,being done,完成式,to have done,having done,完成被动式,to have been done,having been done,进行式,to be doing,完成进行式,to have been doing,非谓语动词的形式（以do为例）,动词不定式动词-ing 形式动词过去分词一般式to dod,11,Tom returned from the managers office,telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.,2.The news meeting,to be held in that hall,has already been crowded with reporters.,3.Having reached the very peak of the Everest,the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind.,4.He keeps buying expensive maps.,5.,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,6.The man talking with my father is Mr.Wang.,7.As soon as she entered the room,the girl caught sight,of the flowers bought by her mother.,8.To live is to struggle.(生活就是斗争。),找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）,Tom returned from the manager,12,下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词,1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则,2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤,下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词,13,一.非谓语动词的,七大经典原则,一.非谓语动词的,14,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式,原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式,原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主语保持一致,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式,原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义,英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则二：用作伴随状语，,15,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式,When asked why he went there，he said he was sent,there _ for a space flight.（2007江西卷）,A.training B.being trained,C.to have trained D.to be trained,【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以,要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”,为被动关系，故选 D。,如：She got up very early to catch up the first bus.,2._ this cake，youll need 2 eggs，175 g sugar and,175 g flour.（2006广东卷）,A.Having made B.Make C.To make D.Making,to catch up the first bus.,to catch up the first bus.,16,3.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not,_，and asked myself what I was going to do.,(2007湖南卷),A.moved B.moving C.to move D.Being moved,4.He sat _ to her _ the stairs.,A.to listen;to climb B.listening;to climb,C.listening;climb D.listening;to climbing,【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的，所以用-ing,作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带to的不定式/-ing作宾补。,【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时持续了一会 儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。,原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.,listen to do/doing,4.He sat _ to her _,17,ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别：,作伴随状语的ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且,前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要在,谓语动词的动作后发生,且,前面不能用逗号,。,用括号里的词的适当形式填空,1.Write to the editor,_ that the editor,would be able to help her（hope）,2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock(rest ),3.The secretary worked late into night,_,a long speech.(prepare),4._ warm,we shut all the windows.,(keep),preparing,to rest,hoping,To keep,ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别：pre,18,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，,一般用-ing，,表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在,意料之中