单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词,考纲解读,1,非谓语动词考纲解读1,非谓语动词,动名词,分词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,2,非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式2,动词不定式与分词,一般说来，动词不定式表主动、将来；,现在分词表主动、进行；,过去分词表被动、完成。,3,动词不定式与分词一般说来，动词不定式表主动、将来；3,1.,谓语动词：,概述：,2.,非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分,一个句子,当中，,已经存在一个,主句,（谓语动词）,又没有,连词,的情况下,还有别的动词出现时,。,非谓语动词使用条件,She got off the bus,leaving,her handbag on her seat.,She got off the bus,but,left,her handbag on her seat.,4,1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词,动词不定式（,The Infinitive,）,一,.,动词不定式的基本构成：,由不定式符号,to,加动词原形构成。其否定式由,not+,不定式构成,肯定式：,to do sth,否定式：,not to do sth.,被动式：,to be done,完成式：,to have done,二,.,动词不定式的句法作用法,动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。,5,动词不定式（The Infinitive）一.动词不定式的,(1),作主语,不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。,To see is to believe,Not to get there in time,is your fault.,注：,常用,it,做形式主语，将,to do,放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型,1,：,It+,谓语,+to do,It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.,句型,2,：,Its+n.+to do,Its our duty _ help the poor.,6,(1)作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To,句型,3,：,It is adj.for/of sb.to do sth.,It is+adj+,for,sb to do sth,It is+adj+,of,sb to do sth,（,是形容,人,的品质的,）,（,Kind/nice/good/clever,）,（,是形容,事物,的性质的,）,It is easy for,me,to,finish,this work before ten.,It is a great honor for,us,to,be present at,your,birthday party.,It is very,kind,of,you,to give me some help.,Its,impolite,of,you,to speak to the teacher like that.,You are very kind to give me some help.,you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.,7,句型3：It is adj.for/of sb.to d,常见动词有：,(2),作宾语,I want,to know,this matter.,like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate,等,I dont expect,to meet you,here.,1).,接不定式做宾语,1.They wanted _(get)on the bus,didnt they?,2.He said he wished _(be)a professor.,3.I agreed_(go)there with the doctor.,4.My daughter preferred _(dance)when she was in her twenties.,5.He had promised _(give)me a hand.,8,常见动词有：(2)作宾语 I want to know th,remember,forget,regret,+,to do,doing,remember/forget/regret+to do:,记得,/,忘记,/,后悔去做某事,(,未做,),remember/forget/regret+doing:,记得,/,忘记,/,后悔做过某事,(,已做,),9,remember+to doremember/forget,try,mean,stop,go on,+,to do,doing,+to do,做另一件事情（已经完成一件工作）,+doing,做同一件事（还没完成,),mean to do,打算，想,mean doing,意味着,10,try+to do+to do 做另一件事情（已经完成一件,(3),作宾语补足语,(,与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系,),1.Mothertoldme,_,comebackbefore,10oclock.2.Illgetsomeone,_,repairtherecorder,foryou.3.Whatcausedhim,_,changehismind?4.Iwishyou,_,comeassoonaspossible.,5.He asked me _,do the work with him,11,(3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系,advise allow ask,beg cause expect,encourage force,get hate invite,order wish,oblige,want warn remind,promise permit,persuade request,sb.to do,(3),作宾语补足语,12,advise allow ask sb.to do(3)作,see,watch,hear,listen to,feel,notice,+,sb.,+,do,doing,done,make let,have,(3),作宾语补足语,13,see+sb.+domake let(3)作宾语补足语,sb.be,seen,watched,looked at,heard,listened to,felt,noticed,+,to do,made,let,14,sb.beseen+to do made14,2).,Ioftenhearthem,sing,this,song,.,Iwouldhavehim,wait,formeforalongtime.,注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“,to”,如：,He is often heard _,the song.,Hewasseen_theroom.,to sing,toenter,15,2).Ioftenhearthemsingthis,4.it,作形式宾语,I find/feel to work with him,interesting,I find/feel,it,interesting to work with him,注意：,不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用,it,作形式宾语。,主语,+find/think/feel/make/,consider,it,+adj/n+,to do sth,.,3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat.,4.We think,_ important _ obey the law.,5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.,16,4.it作形式宾语I find/feel to work,三,.,动名词的功用,1.,可作主语,Seeing,is believing,Reading newspapers,can increase our knowledge.,no use,no good,no fun,Its+,a shame,+doing,a waste of time/money,useless,dangerous,There is no+doing.,It is no use crying.,It is no good objecting,Its a waste of time copying others,homework.,There is no joking about the matter.,动名词（,gerund,）,17,三.动名词的功用1.可作主语Seeing is belie,2.,可作宾语,S.+,vt,.,+doing,Have you finished reading the book?,I suggest doing it in a different way,.,在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：,避免错过,(,少,),延期,avoid miss delay/postpone,建议完成,(,多,),练习,suggest/advise finish practise,喜欢想象,禁不住,enjoy/appreciate/imagine/,resist/cant help,承认 否定,(,与,),嫉妒,admit deny envy,逃脱 冒险,(,莫,),原谅,escape/envy/risk/pardon/,excuse,忍受 保持,(,不,),在意,stand keep/keep on mind,注：在动词,advise,allow,forbid(,禁止,),，,permit,（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如,We dont allow people to,fish,here.,我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。,People,are not,allowed to,fish,here.,人们不准在这儿钓鱼。,18,2.可作宾语 S.+vt.+doingHave y,doing,主动表被动,:,want (,需要,),need (,需要,),require (,需要,),Sth.+,be worth (,值得,),使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义,to be done,使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义,The room wants(clean).,The method needs(improve).,This pair of shoes require(mend).,The problem needs(work out).,The question is well worth(discuss),19,doing主动表被动:w,分词：,Participles,一 分词的概述,1.,分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现 在分词（,Present Participle,）和过去分词（,Past Participle,）。,2.,现在分词：,doing,过去分词：规则动词,V+ed,不规则动词,3.,分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。,20,分词：Participles一 分词的概述1.分词是“非谓,现在分词与过去分词的区别：,1.,语态上：,现在分词表主动，过