单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,Grammar,-ing,作状语,-ing,形式作状语,2.-ing,短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，一般都可以变为,相应的状语从句,或并列句。,1.-ing,短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词,或整个句子，表示动作发生的,时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随,等情况。,1.,作时间状语,-ing,短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：,Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.,=When_,they couldnt help crying.,当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。,they heard the bad news,Having received his letter,I decided to write back.,收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。,=,After_,I decided to,write back.,I had received his letter,注意：当,v-ing,形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：,having done,_(finish)his homework,he rushed out to play basketball.,Having finished,Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.,=_,he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.,因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。,Because(As),=,Because_,he couldnt go to sleep.,因为太生气了，他不能入睡。,2.,作原因状语,-ing,短语作原因状语置于句首。如：,Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.,he was so angry,3.,作条件状语,-ing,作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：,Working hard,you will succeed.,=,If_,you will succeed.,如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。,you work hard,4.,作让步状语,-ing,短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与,even if,though,连用。如：,Though working from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.,=,Though_,he didnt get enough food.,虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。,his father worked from morning,till night,5.,作伴随状语,置于句首或句末。如：,They came into the classroom,singing and laughing,.,他们又唱又笑地走进教室。,=,They sang and laughed,;they came into,the classroom.,When working,in the factory,he was,an advanced worker.,=,When_,he,was an advanced worker.,注意：,1.-ing,短语与,when,while,though,until,if,等连词连用时，,相当于这些连词引导的一个从句,。,如：,he worked in the factory,连词,+,现在分词,Though willing,to attend the party,he refused the invitation.,=Though he was willing to attend the party,用“连词,+,现在分词”的结构,If you play all day,you will waste your valuable time.,=,If playing,all day,you will waste your valuable,time.,2.,动词,-ing,形式在句中作状语时，其,逻辑主语,与主句的主语,保持一致,。如：,He,traveled on the plane like this,keeping,the tortoise hidden in a blanket.,=When he traveled on the plane like this,he,kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.,1.a.Hearing the news,tears ran down her face.,b.Hearing the news,she cried out sadly.,2.a.Entering the classroom,I found nobody in it.,b.Entering the classroom,nobody was found in it.,Choose the correct sentence.,F,T,F,T,3.a.Looking out through the window,the garden was beautiful.,b.Looking out through the window,we saw a beautiful garden.,4.a.Reading the evening newspaper,a dog started barking.,b.I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.,F,T,T,F,5.a.Being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.,b.It being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.,-ing,形式的否定式为在其前面加,not,。,如：,He sat there,not knowing,what to say.,F,T,语态,时态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,完成式,(not)doing,(not)being done,(not),having done,(not),having been done,注意：,1.,当,v-ing,形式与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的,动宾关系,时，应使用被动式：,being done,Being helped by the teacher,she will learn English well.,2.,当,v-ing,形式,被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,时，应用完成被动式：,having been done,Having been shown the lab,we were taken to see the library.,_(translate),into many languages,the book was widely read all over the world.,Having been translated,1.Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus _ the delay.A.to cause B.causing C.caused D.cause,Exercise,2.After seeing the movie,_.A.the book was read by him B.the book made him want to read it C.he wanted to read the book D.the reading of the book interested,him,