,*,非谓语动词,一、定义,不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性动词。,二、形式,1.动词不定式to do sth.,2.动名词v.-ing,现在分词v.-ing),3.分词,过去分词v.-ed或不规章变化,考点一 动词不定式,动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，我们主要把握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。,功能,例句,说明,主语,To swim here,is dangerous.,在这儿游泳是危险的。,动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语,表语,My job is,to look after my sister,.,我的工作是照看我妹妹。,多数情况下，动词不定式作表语，可转换为作主语,功能,例句,说明,宾语,I want,to be an actor,.,我想成为一名演员。,只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语,宾语,补足,语,She asked me,to speak,English,.,她要求我说英语。,在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役动词后，不定式省略to,定语,Do you have anything,to say,?你有要说的吗？,不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面,状语,I come here,to see you.,我来这里是为了见你。,不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致,此外，不定式可以与疑问词连用,用作主语、宾语、表语等。,I cant decide which one to buy.,我不能打算该买哪一件。作宾语,When to start hasnt been discussed.,什么时候开头还没有被争论。作主语,【温馨提示】,(1)help后接不定式时可以省略to；,(2)有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to：feel,hear,see,watch,notice,let,make,have简记为一感一听三看三让。,上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必需补上“to”。,Tom helped his brother,(to)learn,to swim.,汤姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。,变为被动语态：His brother was helped,to learn,to swim by Tom.,We often hear Jack,sing,English songs.,我们常听见杰克唱英文歌。,变为被动语态：Jack is often heard,to sing,English songs.,【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词,决心学会有希望decide,determine,learn,wish,hope,同意打算莫假装(agree,plan,pretend),胆敢拒绝会失败dare,refuse,fail,预备设法来帮助(prepare,try,manage,help),供给恳求负担起(offer,beg,demand,afford),同意安排理应当promise,arrange,be supposed,以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记永不忘。,考点二 动名词,动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。,功能,例句,说明,主语,Eating too much,is bad for your health.,吃太多对你的健康有害处。,谓语动词用单数,宾语,I like,playing basketball,very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。,表示习惯性的动作,Stamps are used for,sending,letters,.邮票是用来寄信的。,功能,例句,说明,表语,His hobby is,collecting,stamps,.他的爱好是集邮。,多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语,定语,Bill is in the,reading room,.,比尔在阅览室里。,只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,【巧学妙记】宠爱enjoy)不断(keep)提建议suggest),希望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish),想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice),忍俊不禁(cant help)还介意(mind),后接动词-ing,My grandfather kept telling jokes and I couldnt help laughing.,爷爷不停地讲笑话，我忍不住笑了。,【温馨提示】,局部动词既可接动名词作宾语，又可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区分较大。,remember doing sth.记得做过某事,remember to do sth.记得去做某事未做,forget doing sth.忘了做过某事,forget to do sth.忘了去做某事未做,stop doing sth.停顿做某事,stop to do sth.停下来去做某事,need doing sth.需要做某事被动含义=need to be done,need to do sth.需要去做某事主动含义,try doing sth.尝试做某事,try to do sth.尽力做某事,hear/see sb.doing sth.听见/观察某人正在做某事,hear/see sb.do sth.听见/观察某人做了某事,考点三 分词,1.分词的构成,分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-ing”构成。过去分词的根本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规章的形式。,2.分词的句法功能,功能,例句,说明,定语,Do you know the boy,playing,football,?你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗？,Please hand in your,written,exercise.请交上你的笔试练习。,现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词,状语,The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing,.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。,Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.从小山上看，我们的学校显得更美丽了。,分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语,功能,例句,说明,表语,The news is,exciting,.这个消息令人兴奋。,Im,interested,in the book.,我对这本书感兴趣。,现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态,补,足,语,Dont keep me,waiting,for a long time.,别让我等很长时间。,I had my hair,cut,last night.,昨天晚上我理发了。,现在分词作补足语,被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）；过去分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系),.用所给词的适当形式填空,1.2023安顺中考Mr.Scott made a living by _(sell)old things.,2.2023遵义中考Trust him!He has no difficulty _(work)out the problem.,答案：1.selling 2.working,3.2023滨州中考David preferred _(sell)newspapers to doing housework when he was young.,4.2023兰州中考The student _nameWang Lin is my example in English learning.,5.2023梧州中考Davy enjoys _(play)tennis and baseball.,答案：3.selling 4.named 5.playing,.单项选择,1.(2023安顺中考)Do you know whether the man _ by the door is Mr.Smith?,Sure.Weve known each other for a long time.,A.stand B.standing C.stood D.stands,【解析】选B。standing by the door是现在分词短语作后置定语表示动作正在进展，与被修饰的man之间存在主动关系。应选B。,2.2023随州中考Its dangerous _ with the wild animal.,A.for us to play B.of us playing,C.for us playing D.of us to play,【解析】选A。Its+adj.+for sb.to do sth.意为“做某事对某人”，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式to play with the wild animal是真正的主语，应选A。,3.(2023自贡中考)When are you going to have your hair _?This afternoon.,A.cut B.to cut C.cutting,【解析】选A。have sth.done“让被做”。过去分词作宾语补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。应选A。,4.2023山西中考Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking,or they will break the law.,A.drive B.driving C.to drive,【解析】选C。allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，其被动语态为sb.be allowed to do sth.“某人被允许做某事”。应选C。,5.2023重庆中考We dont know _ it next.Lets go and ask Mr.Li.,A.what to do B.to do what,C.whether to do D.to do whether,【解析】选C。“特殊疑问词+to do”在此作know的宾语，再由it可知，句中已有动词do的宾语，应选C。,6.2023绵阳中考Our English teacher encourages us _ part in all kinds of after-class activities.,A.to take B.take,C.taking D.to taking,【解析】选A。encourage sb.to do sth.鼓舞某人做某事。,7.2023江西中考How kind you are!You always do what you can _ me.,A.help B.helping,C.to help D.helps,【解析】选C。动词不定式短语to help作目的状语。,8.(2023济南中考The woman loves animals and she tries _ these homeless animals.,A.to hurt B.to eat,C.to help D.to kill,【解析】选C。try to do sth.“努力做某事”。句意：这位女士宠爱动物，她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的动物。应选C。,9.2023眉山中考Its a little cold today.Would you mind _ the window?,Of course not.,A.not opening B.not to open,C.dont open D.no opening,【解析】选A。Would you mind doing sth.?“你介意做某事吗？”,其否认形式为Would you mind not doing sth.?,10.2023昆明中考The reporter didnt go to bed until he finished _ the