单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,非谓语动词,非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词,-ing,形式和动词,-ed,形式,。,在,句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制。,既,有动词性质,（有,自己的宾语、状语等），又有非动词性质（不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词等,）。,非谓,语,动,词主,要考查动词不定式和动词,-ing,形式。,动词不定式,动词不定式可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语等。,动词不定式由“,to+,动词原形”构成，有时,to,可以省略。其否定形式为“,not+,动词不定式”。,e.g.,To learn,English well is difficult.,动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用,it,代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主语,动词不定式后置，上面的例句常写为,：,Its,difficult,to learn,English well.,考点一：作主语。,形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型,为：,Its+,adj,.+(of/for sb.)to do sth.,或,Its+,n,.+(for sb.)to do sth.,It takes sb.some time to do sth.,。,e.g.,Its,very,nice of you to offer,me a seat.,Its,very,dangerous for children to cross,the busy street.,It was,great,fun to have,a picnic there.,考点二：作宾语。,只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有,agree,afford,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,offer,prepare,plan,promise,refuse,want,等。,提示：,在,find,think,等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用,it,作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语,动词不定式后置。,e.g.,Ifindithardtoget,alongwithhim.,考点三：作宾语补足语。,1.,一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词有,allow,advise,ask,call,cause,encourage,expect,force,get,help,invite,need,order,prefer,remind,teach,tell,train,want,warn,等。,提示：,help,跟的宾语补足语既可以是带,to,的动词不定式，也可以是不带,to,的动词不,定式。,e.g.Can you,help,the girl(,to,)move the,chair?,2.,使役动词,(,如,make,let,等,),及感官动词,(,如,see,feel,hear,watch,notice,等,),后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时需省略,to,。,注意在变为被动语态时要加上,to,。,e.g.I,saw,a young man,enter,the room.,She was often,heard to sing,this song.,考点四：作定语。,动词不定式可以作名词的定语；还可在某些句型中作定语，与所修饰的名词是动宾关系。,e.g.I havent had the,chance to think,yet.,（作名词的定语）,提示：,动词不定式作定语修饰名词且为动宾关系时，如果动词为不及物动词，后面要加上相应的介词。,e.g.Tinahasnopaper,towriteon,.,考点五：作状语。,动词不定式作状语往往表示原因、目的、结,果等。,e.g.They were surprised,to find,that nobody was in the house.(,表示原因,),To get,a good seat she arrived at the hall early.(,表示目的,),The boy is old enough,to take care of,himself.(,表示结果,),考点六,1.had,better,would rather,Why,not.?,，,Will/Would,you please.?,prefer to do rather than do,等,后面接不带,to,的动词不定式。,e.g.To catch the early bus,youd better,get,up early tomorrow morning.,2.,动词不定式可以和疑问词,what,which,how,where,when,等连用，构成动词不,定式,的特殊结构。,e.g.Can you tell me,where to buy,a map?,动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时to可以省略。,Jimmy,I dont like my classmate Bob.,Why not _(take)a rest?(2018江苏淮安),Can you help the girl(to)move the,to answer C.,After finishing _(do)your homework,you can have a good rest.,Its very dangerous for children to cross,(2019四川自贡),try to do sth.,Its dangerous.,(2019贵州黔南、黔东南、黔西南),Betty is often seen _ the lonely old man with his housework.,helps D.,making C.,When I was free,I really enjoyed _ around the town.,只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree,afford,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,offer,prepare,plan,promise,refuse,want等。,(2018贵州贵阳),Its+adj.,Jack,why have you decided _ Chinese,动词,-ing,形式,动词的,-ing,形式由“动词原形,+-ing”,构成，其否定形式为“,not+,动词的,-ing,形式”,。,动词的,-ing,形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等。,考点一：作主语。,动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用,。,e.g.,Playing/To play,computer games too,much is bad for your eyes.,考点二：作宾语。,1.,在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词,-ing,形式作宾语的词语有,dislike,consider,enjoy,finish,imagine,keep,mind,practice,suggest,give up,put off,keep on,be busy,have fun,be afraid of,be good at,be interested in,be used to,look forward to,feel like,thanks for,等。,2.,有些及物动词（如,like,love,hate,begin,start,等）既可以跟动词的,-ing,形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意思上没什么差别。如：,e.g.Do you like reading/to read?,3.,有些及物动词（如,remember,forget,stop,try,等）既可以跟动词的,-ing,形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义有别。,forget/remember to do sth.,忘记,/,记得要做某事,forget/remember doing sth.,忘记,/,记得做过某事,stop to do sth.,停下来去做某事,stop doing sth.,停止做某事,try to do sth.,设法做某事,try doing sth.,尝试做某事,need to do sth.,需要去做某事,need doing,需要被做,mean to do sth.,打算去做某事,mean doing sth.,意味着做某事,used to do sth.,过去常常做某事,be used to doing sth.,习惯于做某事,考点三：宾语补足语,一些动词既可以接动词不定式又可接动词,-ing,形式，作宾语补足语的有区别,。,感官动词,(,如,see,，,watch,，,notice,，,hear,，,feel,等,),后既可跟不带,to,的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以跟动词,-ing,形式作宾语补足语。前者表示动作的全过程，后者表示动作正在进行。,考点四：作定语。,e.g.The man,standing,there is my,friend.,1.Its necessary for us _ English,well.,(2018,湖南怀化,),A.to learn B.learning C.learn,2.It often takes me two hours_my,homework in the evening.,（,2018,广西桂林）,A.do B.doing C.to do,A,C,3.Could I go swimming with my friend,dad?,No,its very dangerous for you kids,_ swimming without adults.,(2018,广西河池,),A.go B.going C.to go D.went,4.Its very dangerous for us _ the,mobile phone while crossing the street.,(2018,湖南益阳,),A.answering B.to answer C.answer,C,B,5.,Nowadays,its convenient and cheap for us,_ a shared-bicycle.,(2017,昆明,),A.ride B.to ride C.flying D.to fly,6.,Mario,your mobile phone is ringing.,Wait a minute.Its dangerous for us _,it while crossing the street.,(2017,四川南充,),A.answering B.to answer,C.answer D.answered,B,B,1.Tom,why have you decided _,Chinese folk music as a course?,Because I like Chinese culture very much.,（,2018,广西百色）,A.take B.taken C.to take D.taking,2.Mytwocousinsdecide _,abusinesstogether.(2018,甘肃武威,),A.tostart B.starting,C.start D.started,C,A,3.Mr.Zhou is good at cooking and he has,decided _ his own restaurant.,(2018,上海中考,),A.open B.opened C.to open D.opening,4.What are you going to do tonight?,I plan _,Days of Our Past.,（,2018,四川德阳）,A.watch B.watching,C.to watch D.wat