单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,动词不定式用法归纳,1,.,1.,动词形式基本分类（除去时态）,动词原形：,do,如：,swim,动词不定式：,to do,如：,to swim,动词,ing,形式：,doing,如：,swimming,2,.,动词形式基本分类（除去时态）动词原形：do,不定式的结构：,to+do(,动词原形,),He plans go to Jinan for a holiday.,to,注：,to,只是一个符号，起结构作用，无任何实际意义,3,.,不定式的结构：to 注：3.,He,told me,not to close,the door.,He,asked me,not to close,the door.,不定式的句式：,He,told me to close,the door.,He,asked me to close,the door.,not+to+do,肯定式：,to do,tell sb.,to do,sth.,ask sb,.to do,sth.,tell sb.,not to do,sth.,ask sb.,not to do,sth.,否定式,：,4,.,不定式的句式：not+to+do肯定式：tell sb.,不定式的特点：,She,want,ed,to be,a teacher.,We,decide,to give,some money to the poor.,1),动词不定式在句子中不能做谓语,2),没有人称、数、时态的变化。,5,.,不定式的特点：1)动词不定式在句子中不能做谓语2)没有人,不定式的句法功能：,动词不定式短语具有,名词、,形容词和,副词,等的功能,可在句中,用做多种句子成分。,主语 宾语 表语,定语,状语 宾补,6,.,不定式的句法功能：6.,句子的基本结构,:,To learn English,is easy.,To get up early,is important.,返回,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,+,状语。,主语,:,主语过长，头重脚轻,7,.,返回主语+谓语+宾语+状语。主语:主语过长，头重脚轻7.,主语过长，头重脚轻。用,it,代替其做形式主语,。,常见句型：,Its+adj+to do sth.,学英语很容易。,早起是重要的。,对我们来说学英语很容易。,对他来说早起是重要的。,以前还学过类似的句子：,Its very kind of,you,to help me.,Its nice of,him,to take care of his young brother.,It,s,easy to learn,English,.,Its important to get up early.,Its,easy,_,to learn,English.,Its,important,_,to get up,early.,句型,：,Its+adj+,of sb.,to do sth,.,如果说对某人来说做什么事是怎样的怎么办？也就是需要体现,这些行为的逻辑主语，那怎么办？,for us,for him,句型：,Its+adj+,for sb,.to do sth.,形式主语,真正主语,8,.,主语过长，头重脚轻。用it代替其做形式主语。Its eas,区别：,Its+adj+,for sb,.to do sth.,Its+adj+,of sb.,to do sth,.,注,:for,形容词修饰的是动作；,of,形容的是人：,Its foolish _ you to ask such silly questions.,Its important _ me to learn maths well.,Its polite _ you to knock on the door before you come in.,for,of,of,9,.,区别：Its foolish _,宾 语,I would like,to see,your photos.,Kevin planned,to visit,his uncle.,特殊,(,一）：,类似词,:,want,agree,hope,decide,agree,start,begin,love,like,hate,prefer,等。,注意：,斜体既可以,to do,也可以,doing,但区别不大,like doing,指经常性动作，,like to do,指一次性的动作,I like swimming,，,but I dont like to swim now,我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。,10,.,宾 语类似词:like doing指,宾 语,特殊（二）：,stop,forget,remember,等词或短语后面可以接,to do,与,doing,但意思大不相同。,stop to do sth.:,停下来去做另一件事,stop doing,：停止正在做的事情,forget to do:,忘了去做某事,forget doing sth.:,忘记做过某事,remember to do sth.:,记着要做某事,remember doing sth.:,记着已做了某事,When the teacher came in,the students stopped_,；,when,he came out,the students stopped _,(talk),talking,to talk,11,.,宾 语talkingto talk11.,特殊句式：,在,find,feel,it,adj.,to do sth,句型中，,it,是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。,The man found,it,difficult,to get to,sleep,I feel,it,easy,to recite,the text,12,.,特殊句式：12.,宾语补足语,(1),在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带,to,：,tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,等词后面常接不定式作宾补。,例,:I,asked a friend,to read it to me,I tell him,not to go there by b,us,Edisons mother taught him,to read and wr,ite,(2),在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词,(feel,listen to,hear,make,let,have,notice,see,watch,find,help,等,),后不带,to,的不定式作宾补。如：,The boss,makes,them,work,16 hours a day,I,hear,d her,sing,in the next room,返回,13,.,宾语补足语返回13.,表 语,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,His wish is to become a scientist,Our duty is to protect the environment.,判断：,My work is _(teach)in this school now.,I _(teach)in this school now.,返回,这些行为不是,wish,、,duty,发出的，而这些行为的发出,者只能是人，所以不能用进行时这种结构。,to teach,am teaching,His wish,is becoming,a scientist,Our duty,is protecting,the environment.,14,.,表 语返回 这些行为不是wish、duty发出的，而这,定语,动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词,、代词的后面。,例,:He is the first person to sail around the world.,I have a lot of work to do,The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy,返回,Have you got some pens,to write,with,？,特殊情况,:,如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面的介词。,I have a small bedroom,to live,in,15,.,定语返回 Have you got some,作状语,a.,目的状语,:,放在,go,come,use,live,in order,等词后面,.,如：,I come to see you,He runs fast in order to get there in time,They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.,b.,原因状语,:,放在,sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,，,excited,等词后面。如：,I am glad to see you here,I am sorry to trouble you,c.,作结果状语,。如,:,Some of the apples are hard to reach,The room is large enough to hold 1000 people,特殊情况：,too to,She is too young to look after herself.,返回,16,.,作状语 返回16.,“疑问词不定式”用法,不式前可带,what,，,who,，,which,，,where,when,how,whose,等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。,例,:,He didnt tell me where to go.,（直宾）,I dont know what to say now.,（宾语）,I dont know what to do next.,（宾语）,He taught us how to use the computer,(,宾补）,Its still a question how to get there,(,主语,),返回,17,.,“疑问词不定式”用法返回17.,练习：,1.Its time for us _(have)supper,2.Would you like _(go)shopping with me,？,3.It took us half an hour _(work)out the problem,4.He is old enough _(join)the army,5.I feel it strange _(have)a twin sister,6.I am very glad _(meet)you here,7.We saw them_(come)into the room just now,8.What he said made me_(feel)sorry,9.I am sorry,I forgot_(tell)you the news,10.His plan is _(spend)a few days in the mountains,11.Have you got anything _(say)?,12.Have you decided which one _(choose)?,13.He is too weak _(carry)the big stone,18,.,练习：18.,动词形式基本分类（除去时态）：原形、,to do,、,doing,不定式的结构：,to do,不定式的句式：肯定及否定句式,不定式的特点：无人称、数、时态变化；不能作谓