单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,状语从句,状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。,从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。,1when,as,while 附属连词,when即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：,When I was a boy,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.同时,When the lesson was over,we began our writing.,从句动作在前,1、时间状语从句：,引导时间状语从句的附属连词有：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,until,as soon as,once,the moment,immediately,no soonerthan,hardlywhen,by the time,every time,last time等引导。,as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。,He hurried home,looking behind as he went.,I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.,He sang as he walked.,While：指的是“在某一时间里，“在 期间，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的比照。,如：,While he was in London,he studied music.,While we were watching TV,he was writing a composition.,当when,as,while表示“在一段时间里，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：,While(When或As)we were discussing,Mr.Smith came in.,*when 可表示“如果。如：,Dont be afraid of asking for help_ it is needed.(03全国,A.Unless B.since C.although D.when,*while可表示“虽然，尽管。如：,1)_ modeling business is by no means easy to get into,the good model will always be in demand.(04浙江,A.While B.Since C.As D.If,2)_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.(04江苏,A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless,When和while并列连词，while表示对照的意思。When 表示“这时，突然,I do every single bit of housework_ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.(04广西,A.since B.while C.when D.as,2)He was about to tell me the secret_ some one patted him on the shoulder.(02上海,A.as B.until C.while D.when,3)We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.(04北京春招,A.When B.while C.until D.before,4)Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park_she was bitten on the leg by a lion.(04上海,A.When B.while C.since D.before,(2)till和until,如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到为止。如：,I worked till(until)he came back.,1)A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.(03上海,A.when B.unless C.after D.until,2)We were told that we should follow the main road _we reached the central railway station.(04辽宁,A.whenever B.until C.while D.wherever,如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，那么用否认式的主句表示“直到才。,如：I didnt go to bed until(till)he came back.,放在句首表示强调时一般用 until。如：,Until he returns,nothing can be done.,3)-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?,-Yes.He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade.(03春招,A.after B.unless C.until D.when,4)Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.(NMET95),did the villagers realize B.the villagers realized,C.the villagers did realize D.,didn,t the villagers realize,*如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“在之前，而要译成“就、“才 等。如：,The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.,He almost knocked me down before he saw me.,1)Someone called me up in the middle of the night,but they hung up _ I could answer the phone.(00全国,A.as B.since C.until D.before,2)He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.(03北京,A.until B.when C.before D.as,(3)before“在之前,Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.,3)Scientists say it may be five or six years_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.(04福建,A.since B.after C.before D.when,4)It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester.(04天津,A.that B.until C.since D.before,(4)by the time,each time,every time,immediately,the moment,the instant,the minute,soon after,shortly after都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：,By the time he was fourteen,he had taught himself advanced mathematics.,Each time he came,he would call on me.,You must show him in,immediately he comes.,I recognized him,the moment I saw him.,注意：,时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时。,-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?,-Yes,I gave it to her _ I saw her.(01全国春招,A.while B.the moment C.suddenly D.once,2、地点状语从句：,通常由连词where和wherever引导。如：,Go back,where you came from.,Wherever you go,you must write to your parents.,Where there is a will,there is a way.,Where there is too much,the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around us.,1)The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(02上海春招,A.when B.whenever C.where D.wherever,2)She found her calculator _ she lost it.(00上海,A.where B.when C.in which D.that,3、原因状语从句：,通常由连词：because,as,since,now that引导。,注意：,在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或 since，如：,It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.,because可以引导表语从句,而 as,since不可以，这时状语一 般都是it,this,that,Its because he is too lazy.,for也表示“因为，但是并列 连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。,It must be morning,for the birds are singing.,1)Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.(04上海,A.because B.though C.unless D.if,2)The changes in the city will cost quite a lot,_ they will save us money in the long run.(00全国春招,A.or B.since C.for D.but,4、目的状语,从句：,通常由that,so that,in order that,sothat,lest,in case以防、免得等引导：